Wikicars - User contributions [en]

Plymouth

2008-08-24T22:27:35Z

69.136.96.119:

{{List of {{PAGENAME}} Models}}[[Image:Plymouthlogo.jpg|thumb|right|Plymouth "sailboat logo" used from 1996 to 2001.]]
[[Image:Plymouthinsignia1960s.gif|thumb|right|Plymouth division logo, 1960s.]]
'''Plymouth''' was a brand of [[automobile]] based in the United States, marketed by the [[Chrysler|Chrysler Corporation]] and [[DaimlerChrysler]] from 1928 to 2001.

==History==
===Origins===

The Plymouth automobile was introduced on July 7, 1928. It was the Chrysler Corporation's first entry in the low-priced field, which at the time was dominated by Chevrolet and Ford. Plymouths were actually priced a little higher than the competition, but they offered standard features such as [[hydraulic brakes]] that the competition did not provide. Plymouths were originally sold exclusively through [[Chrysler]] dealerships. The logo featured a rear view of the Mayflower ship which landed at Plymouth Rock, hence the name "Plymouth" as the brand.

The origins of the first Plymouth can be traced back to the [[Maxwell automobile]]. When [[Walter Chrysler]] took over control of the trouble-ridden Maxwell-[[Chalmers|Chalmers]] car company in the early 1920s, he inherited the Maxwell as part of the package. After he used the company's facilities to help create and launch the Chrysler car in 1924, he decided to create a lower-priced companion car. So for 1926 the Maxwell was reworked and re-badged as a low-end Chrysler model. Then at the end of the decade this model was once again reworked and re-badged, this time to create the Plymouth.

===Great Depression, 1940s, and 1950s===

While the original purpose of the Plymouth was simply to cover a lower-end marketing niche, during the Great Depression of the 1930s the car would help significantly in ensuring the survival of the Chrysler Corporation in a decade when many other car companies failed. Beginning in 1930, Plymouths were sold by all three Chrysler divisions (Chrysler, [[DeSoto|DeSoto]], and [[Dodge]]). Plymouth sales were a bright spot during this dismal automotive period, and by 1931 Plymouth rose to the number three spot among all cars.

In 1939 Plymouth produced 417,528 vehicles, of which 5,967 were roadsters, or two-door convertibles [http://www.joesherlock.com/39Ply_history.html]with [[rumble seat]]s. The 1939 Roadster was prominently featured at Chrysler's exhibit at the 1939 World's Fair, advertised as the first mass-production convertible with a power folding top. It featured a 201-cubic-inch, 82-horsepower version of the [[Chrysler Flathead engine|Chrysler Flathead Six engine]].

For much of its life, Plymouth was one of the top selling American automobile brands, along with [[Chevrolet]] and [[Ford Motor|Ford]] ("the low-priced three"). Plymouth even surpassed Ford for a time in the 1940s as the second most popular make of automobiles in the U.S.
Through 1956, Plymouth vehicles were known for their durability, affordability and engineering. In 1957, Chrysler's ''[[Forward Look]]'' styling theme produced cars with much more advanced styling than Chevrolet or Ford, although Plymouth's reputation would ultimately suffer as the cars were prone to rust and sloppy assembly. Because of its new "Forward Look" styling, however, 1957 total production soared to 726,009, about 200,000 more than 1956, and the largest output yet for Plymouth. The marque also introduced its limited production Fury line in 1956, and it too benefited from the crisp Forward Look designs.

===Financial/marketing struggles===

The Plymouth brand lost market share rapidly in the early 1960s. While Plymouth was a styling leader from 1957 to 1958, its 1959 through 1962 models were awkwardly styled cars that failed to strike a chord with the public. Plymouth also found itself in competition with its own corporate sister division Dodge when the lower-priced, full-size [[Dodge Dart]] was introduced for 1960. [[Rambler|Rambler]], and then [[Pontiac]] would assume the number three sales position for the remainder of the decade. Plymouth went into a decline from which it would never fully recover.

The marque regained market share following the introduction of the 1965 models, which returned Plymouth to full-size vehicles and more mainstream styling. Plymouth regained its traditional third place in the sales race in 1971 and 1974, primarily with its popular [[Plymouth Valiant|Valiant]] and [[Plymouth Duster|Duster]] compact models, but as a brand Plymouth was hardest hit by Chrysler's financial woes of the late 1970s. Marketing decisions progressively thinned Plymouth lineup while giving new models to the Dodge and Chrysler brands; by 1979, the Plymouth range consisted of only the domestically produced Volare and Horizon models, and some rebadged [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]] imports. Despite the introduction of popular models like the 1981 [[Plymouth Reliant|Reliant]] and 1984 [[Plymouth Voyager|Voyager]], Plymouth sales and production numbers continued to decline. Such was the extent of the [[badge engineering]] that substantially identical Dodges and Plymouths were being sold at substantially identical prices, eroding the last of Plymouth's market distinction and quashing any significant reasons for buying one over the other.

===Final years===
Most Plymouth models offered from the late 1980s onward, such as the [[Plymouth Acclaim|Acclaim]], [[Plymouth Laser|Laser]], [[Plymouth Neon|Neon]], and [[Plymouth Breeze|Breeze]], were badge-engineered versions of Chrysler, Dodge, or Mitsubishi models. Chrysler considered giving Plymouth a variant, to be called the Accolade, of the new-for-1993 full-size [[Chrysler LH platform|LH platform]]<ref>[http://www.allpar.com/model/intrepid.html Dodge Intrepid, Eagle Vision, Chrysler 300M, New Yorker, and LHS - the LH cars, with reviews]</ref>, but decided against it. By the late 1990s, only four vehicles were sold under the Plymouth name: the [[Plymouth Voyager|Voyager/Grand Voyager]] minivans, the [[Plymouth Breeze|Breeze]] mid-size sedan, the [[Plymouth Neon|Neon]] compact car, and the [[Plymouth Prowler|Prowler]] sports car, which was to be the last model unique to Plymouth.

After discontinuing the [[Eagle (automobile)|Eagle]] brand in 1998, Chrysler was planning to expand the Plymouth line with a number of unique models before the corporation's merger with [[Daimler-Benz]] AG. The first model was the [[Plymouth Prowler]], a modern-day [[hot rod]]. The [[Chrysler PT Cruiser|PT Cruiser]] was to have been the second. Both models had similar front-end styling, suggesting Chrysler intended a retro styling theme for the Plymouth brand. At the time of Daimler's takeover of Chrysler, Plymouth had no unique models besides the Prowler not also available in the Dodge or Chrysler lines. Further, while all Plymouth dealers also sold the Chrysler line of cars, many Dodge dealers sold only Dodge; it would have caused much greater disturbance to the dealer network to discontinue Dodge than Plymouth. Consequently, DaimlerChrysler decided to drop the make after a limited run of 2001 models. This was announced on November 3, 1999.

The last new model sold under the Plymouth marque was the second generation Neon for 2000-2001. The PT Cruiser was ultimately launched as a Chrysler, and the Prowler and Voyager were absorbed into that make as well. Following the 2001 model year, the Neon was sold only as a Dodge in the US, though it remained available as a Chrysler in Canadian and other markets. The [[Plymouth Breeze]] was dropped after 2000, before Chrysler introduced their redesigned 2001 [[Dodge Stratus]] and [[Chrysler Sebring]] [[sedan]].

==Events leading to the demise of Plymouth==
*1960: Dodge introduces the smaller, lower-priced "Dart" series that competes directly with Plymouth's offerings.
*1961 and 1962:[[ Rambler]] and then Pontiac assumes third place in industry sales for the remainder of the 1960s.
*1962: Sales drop dramatically with the introduction of a line of unpopularly-styled, downsized full-size models.
*1971: Unable to afford to develop its own subcompact, the British [[Hillman Avenger]] is imported as the [[Plymouth Cricket]], which is discontinued in mid-1973 due to quality concerns.
*1974: The [[Dodge Dart]] and [[Plymouth Valiant]] are, for the first time, different only in name and minor trim details. This identicality continues with the [[Dodge Aspen]] and [[Plymouth Volaré]] as well as all further passenger car models. The car that would ultimately become the [[Chrysler Cordoba]] is reassigned to Chrysler from Plymouth. Last year for Barracuda.
*1976: Last model year for the Valiant/Duster. First model year for the Volare.
*1977: The large Gran Fury is discontinued.
*1978: The mid-size [[Plymouth Fury|Fury]] is discontinued at the end of the model year.
*1979: Plymouth's lineup is reduced to the Horizon and Volaré, and three rebadged Mitsubishi imports.
*1979/1980: Chrysler makes several thousand more Dodges than Plymouths for the first time. More Plymouths would be made than Dodges for 1981 and 1982, but from then on there will always be more Dodges made than Plymouths.
*1980: Newport-based Gran Fury introduced. Last year for Volaré.
*1981: The full-size [[Plymouth Gran Fury|Gran Fury]] and [[Plymouth Trailduster|Trailduster]] SUV's last year.
*1989: The [[midsize car|mid-size]] [[Plymouth Gran Fury|Gran Fury]] ([[Plymouth Caravelle|Caravelle]] in Canada) as well as the [[Plymouth Reliant|Reliant]] are discontinued after this model year. The Reliant is replaced by the [[Plymouth Acclaim|Acclaim]].
*1994: The little-advertised [[Plymouth Laser|Laser]] [[Sport compact|sport-compact]] as well as the popular [[Plymouth Sundance|Sundance]] and [[Plymouth Colt|Colt]] [[compact car|compacts]] all end production. They are replaced by a single car, the [[Plymouth Neon|Neon]].
*1995: Plymouth's lineup is at its all time low, just 3 cars: the [[Plymouth Acclaim|Acclaim]], the [[Plymouth Neon|Neon]], and the [[Plymouth Voyager|Voyager/Grand Voyager]]. The number will go up to 4 in 1997, with the introduction of the [[Plymouth Prowler|Prowler]], but will never get any higher.
*1996: In an attempt to move Plymouth downmarket, Chrysler makes the redesigned Voyager only available in base and mid-level ''SE'' models. All of the higher-end trim levels available on the previous generation can now only be found on the [[Dodge Caravan]].
*1999: The redesigned 2000 [[Plymouth Neon|Neon]] becomes the brand's last new model.
*2000: The [[mid-size car|mid-size]] [[Plymouth Breeze|Breeze]] ends production. This is also the last year for the [[Plymouth Voyager|Voyager]] [[minivan]] as a Plymouth. All 2000 Voyagers built in December 1999 and beyond are badged as Chrysler Voyagers. In Canada, the redesigned Neon is sold under the Chrysler name, leaving only the Voyager and Prowler in the lineup. Almost 250,000 more Dodges are built than Plymouths for this year.
*2001: Plymouth's final model year. Only the Neon remains in the Plymouth line. The [[Plymouth Prowler|Prowler]] becomes a [[Chrysler]]. The Breeze is dropped as Chrysler issues the [[Chrysler Sebring]] [[sedan]] to replace the [[Chrysler Cirrus]]. The [[Chrysler PT Cruiser|PT Cruiser]] is launched as a Chrysler, though it was originally planned to be a Plymouth. The final Plymouth, a Neon, is assembled on June 28, 2001.

Throughout its later years Plymouth's meager advertisement (in relation to Chrysler and Dodge) played a part in the marque's demise.

== Plymouth car models ==
[[Image:ClassicCar4.JPG|right|thumb|250px|1935 Plymouth PJ Touring Sedan]]
[[Image:800px-1942 Plymouth.jpg|right|thumb|250px|1942 Plymouth]]
[[Image:800px-1966_Plymouth_Barracuda.jpg|right|thumb|250px|1966 Plymouth Barracuda]]
[[Image:PlymouthReliant1987.jpg|right|thumb|250px|1987 Plymouth Reliant K]]
[[Image:1997Voyager.jpg|right|thumb|250px|1997 Plymouth Voyager]]
*[[Plymouth Model 30U]] (1930)
*[[Plymouth Acclaim]] (1989-1995)
*[[Plymouth Arrow]] (1976-1980, rebadged [[Mitsubishi Lancer|Mitsubishi Lancer Celeste]])
*[[Dodge Ram 50|Plymouth Arrow Truck]] (1979-1982, rebadged [[Mitsubishi Forte]])
*[[Plymouth Barracuda]] (1964-1974)
*[[Plymouth Belvedere]] (1954-1970)
*[[Plymouth Breeze]] (1996-2000)
*[[Plymouth Business]] (1935-1938)
*[[Plymouth Caravelle]] (1985-1988)
*[[Plymouth Cambridge]] (1951-1953)
*[[Plymouth Champ]] (1979-1982, rebadged [[Mitsubishi Mirage]])
*[[Plymouth Colt]] (1983-1994, rebadged [[Mitsubishi Mirage]])
*[[Plymouth Commercial Car]] (1937-1941)
*[[Plymouth Concord]] (1951-1953)
*[[Plymouth Conquest]] (1984-1986, rebadged [[Mitsubishi Starion]])
*[[Plymouth Cranbrook]] (1951-1953)
*[[Plymouth Cricket]] (1971-1975, rebadged [[Hillman Avenger]])
*[[Plymouth Deluxe]] (1933-1942, 1946-1950)
*[[Plymouth Duster]] (1970-1976,1985-1986)
*[[Plymouth Fury]] (1956-1978)
*[[Plymouth Gran Fury]] (1975-1977, 1980-1989)
*[[Plymouth Grand Voyager]] (1987-2000)
*[[Plymouth GTX]] (1967-1971)
*[[Plymouth Horizon]] (1978-1990)
*[[Plymouth Laser]] (1990-1994, rebadged [[Mitsubishi Eclipse]])
*[[Plymouth Neon]] (1995-2001)
*[[New Finer Plymouth]] (1932)
*[[Plymouth Model PA]] (1931)
*[[Plymouth Plaza]] (1954-1958)
*[[Plymouth Prowler]] (1997-2001)
*[[Plymouth Model Q]] (1928)
*[[Plymouth Reliant]] (1981-1989)
*[[Plymouth Roadking]] (1938-1941)
*[[Plymouth Road Runner]] (1968-1980)
*[[Plymouth Sapporo]] (1978-1983, rebadged [[Mitsubishi Galant]])
*[[Plymouth Satellite]] (1966-1974)
*[[Plymouth Savoy]] (1951-1965)
*[[Plymouth Scamp]] (1971-1976, 1983)
*[[Plymouth Six]] (1934)
*[[Plymouth Special Six]] (1934)
*[[Plymouth Standard]] (1933, 1935)
*[[Plymouth Sundance]] (1987-1994)
*[[Plymouth Suburban]]
*[[Plymouth Superbird]] (1970)
*[[Plymouth TC3]] (1979-1982)
*[[Plymouth Trailduster]] (1974-1981)
*[[Plymouth Turismo]] (1983-1987)
*[[Plymouth Model U]] (1929)
*[[Plymouth Valiant]] (1960-1976)
*[[Plymouth VIP]] (1966-1969)
*[[Plymouth Volaré]] (1976-1980)
*[[Plymouth Voyager]] (1974-2000)

==Concept cars==

*'''Plymouth XX 500''' was a 1950 [[concept car]].<ref name=concepts>http://www.autoweteran.gower.pl/concept_timeline.html{{ref|concepts|noid=noid}}</ref>
*'''Plymouth Explorer''', was a 1954 [[concept car|concept]] coupe.<ref name=concepts/>
*'''Plymouth Belmont''', was a 1954 [[concept car|concept]] roadster.<ref name=concepts/>
*'''Plymouth Cabana''' was a 1958 [[concept car|concept]] [[station wagon]], which featured a unique glass roof for the rear portion of the car.<ref name=concepts/>
*'''Plymouth XNR 500''' was a 1960 [[concept car|concept]] sports car.<ref name=concepts/>
*'''Plymouth VIP''' was a 1965 [[concept car|concept]] four seater [[convertible]] with a unique roof bar from the top of the windshield to the rear deck.<ref name=concepts/>
*'''Plymouth Duster I''' was a 1969 [[concept car|concept]] roadster, with a wraparound boat-style windshield. <ref name=concepts/>
*'''Plymouth Slingshot''', was a 1988 [[concept car]]. <ref>[http://www.conceptcars.it/storia/timeline.htm Concept Cars: Concept Cars Timeline]</ref>
*'''Plymouth Speedster''' was a 1989 2-seater concept car.

== Former slogans ==
The Plymouth division went through numerous slogans, including the following:
*"If it's important to you, it's important to Plymouth" (early 1990s) 
*"The nine most important words to Plymouth: Satisfy the customer, satisfy the customer, satisfy the customer" (late 1980s)
*"The pride is back, born in America" (mid and late 1980s) 
*"Now that's imagination, that's Plymouth!" (late 1970s) 
*"Chrysler-Plymouth, coming through!" (early 1970s) 
*"Plymouth is out to win you over this year" (mid-1960s) 
*"Plymouth - star of the forward look" (late 1950s)

==See Also==
{{Plymouth}}

==External links==
* [http://www.stockmopar.com/ Stock Mopar] — dedicated to all Mopars, especially the Mopars from the muscle car era!
* [http://www.allpar.com/ Allpar] — A comprehensive resource for information on Chrysler Corporation and related automobiles and products, including historical information, forums, and current news and reviews.
* [http://www.musclecarfacts.com/mcf/index.asp Muscle Car Facts]- A year by year account of some of the greatest mopar muscle cars ever.
* [http://clubs.hemmings.com/nynjslant6/ NY-NJ Slant-Six Club of America]-A Club dedicated to the preservation and enjoyment of all Chrysler products powered by the venerable 'Slant-Six' engine.

[[Category:Makes]]
[[Category:Chrysler]]
[[Category:Discontinued Makes]]

Chevrolet Nova

2008-08-10T18:16:04Z

69.136.96.119:

[[Image:Nova front fender emblem 68-72.jpg|right|350px]]
The '''[[Chevrolet]] Nova''', or '''Chevy II''', was an American compact car introduced by [[General Motors]] in 1962. The original Chevy II was of unibody construction, powered by an OHV inline four or six-cylinder engine, and available in two- and four-door sedan configurations as well as convertible and station wagon versions. After the rear-engine [[Chevrolet Corvair]] was handily outsold by the conventional [[Ford Falcon]] in 1960, Chevrolet began work on a more conventional compact car that would eventually become the Chevy II. The Chevy II/Nova continued on throughout the 1960s and 70s with great success until it was supplanted by the front wheel drive [[Chevrolet Citation|Citation]] in 1980. The Nova name would reappear briefly again in 1985 as a twin to (of all things) the [[Toyota Corolla]]. The "Toyolet" Nova was discontinued after 1988, replaced by the [[Geo Prizm]].

{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style="float:right; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:250px; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #999; font-size:83%; line-height:1.5; " summary="Infobox Automobile"
|- style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| colspan=2 style="padding:0; background:#996; color:#fff; border-bottom:1px solid #999;" | [[Image:1962 Chevrolet II.jpg|300px]]
|- style="color:#fff; background:#996; font-size:larger;"
! colspan=2 | '''Chevy II/Nova'''
|-
! colspan=2 style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; background:#ddb;" | [[Chevrolet]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Production:
|1962-1965
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Class:
|Compact
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Body Style:
|2-Door Coupe 4-Door Sedan 2-Door Convertible 5-Door Wagon
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Length:
| 153" 157.4" (wagon)
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Width:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Height:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Wheelbase:
| 110"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Weight:
|2800-3100 lbs
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Transmissions:
|3-Speed Manual, RWD 4-Speed Manual, RWD 2-Speed Automatic, RWD 3-Speed Automatic, RWD
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Engines:
|2.5L (153 cid) I4 (1962-1965) 3.2L (194 cid) I6 (1962-1965) 3.8L (230 cid) I6 (1964-1965) 4.7L (283 cid) V8 (1964-1965) 5.3L (327 cid) V8 (1965)
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Power:
|90-300 hp
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Similar:
|N/A
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Platform:
|X
|}

==First Generation (1962-1965)==

Three different levels of this car were made - the Chevy II 100, the Chevy II 300 and the Chevy II Nova 400. Available powerplants included the standard 2.5L (153 cid) I4 and optional the 3.2L (194 cid) I6. Although the 1st gen Nova was not originally available with a V8 option, the engine bay was perfectly proportioned for one. It wasn't long before Chevrolet V8s were offered as dealer-installed options (between 1962 and 1963), up to and including the fuel injected version available in the [[Chevrolet Corvette]]. The combination of readily available V8 power and light weight made the Nova a popular choice of drag racers.

For 1963, the Chevy II Nova Super Sport ('''SS''') was released. As previously mentioned, Novas could not "officially" have V8 engines at this time — the standard SS engine was the six-cylinder — but many ended up with a small-block V8 under the hood. In 1962 and 1963 the Nova was available in a convertible body style, and a two-door hardtop was available from 1962-1965.
For 1964, the Chevy II's first factory V8 option was introduced - a 195 hp 4.7L (283 cid) V8. The convertible was dropped, and the SS was also dropped at the beginning of this year, but it was reinstated mid-year due to high popular demand. The 300 series trim level was discontinued, leaving the 100 and 400 levels. In 1965, the grille was redesigned and the parking lights were relocated from directly below the headlights to the bumper. Taillights were revised also. The 5.3L (327 cid) V8 debuted this year in the SS with up to 300 horsepower.

{{-}}

{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style="float:right; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:250px; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #999; font-size:83%; line-height:1.5; " summary="Infobox Automobile"
|- style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| colspan=2 style="padding:0; background:#996; color:#fff; border-bottom:1px solid #999;" | [[Image:Chevrolet-nova 66.jpg|300px]]
|- style="color:#fff; background:#996; font-size:larger;"
! colspan=2 | '''Chevy II/Nova'''
|-
! colspan=2 style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; background:#ddb;" | [[Chevrolet]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Production:
|1966-1967
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Class:
|Compact
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Body Style:
|2-Door Coupe 4-Door Sedan 5-Door Wagon
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Length:
| 154.7" 157.4" (wagon)
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Width:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Height:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Wheelbase:
| 110"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Weight:
|2800-3100 lbs
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Transmissions:
|3-Speed Manual, RWD 4-Speed Manual, RWD 2-Speed Automatic, RWD 3-Speed Automatic, RWD
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Engines:
|2.5L (153 cid) I4 (1966-1967) 3.2L (194 cid) I6 (1966-1967) 3.8L (230 cid) I6 (1966-1967) 4.1L (250 cid) I6 (1967) 4.7L (283 cid) V8 (1966-1967) 5.3L (327 cid) V8 (1966-1967)
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Power:
|90-350 hp
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Similar:
|N/A
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Platform:
|X
|}

1966 Novas saw a significant restyling, based in part on the Super Nova concept car. In general, proportions were squared up but dimensions and features changed little. Engine options still included the basic 153 I4, 194 I6 and the 283 and 327 V8s, the latter offering now offering up to 350 horsepower, making the Nova so-equipped quite a pocket rocket during the musclecar era. During this time, the 90 hp 153 I4 was only offered in the base Chevy II 100 series models with the 120-horsepower 194 cubic-inch six standard on the Nova and Nova SS lines. In addition to the V8s, other optional engines included a 140 hp 3.8L (230 cid) I6 and a 155 hp 4.1L (250 cid) I6, the latter a new offering for 1967. The 350 hp L79 327 V8 was unfortunately dropped for 1967.

{{-}}

{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style="float:right; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:250px; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #999; font-size:83%; line-height:1.5; " summary="Infobox Automobile"
|- style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| colspan=2 style="padding:0; background:#996; color:#fff; border-bottom:1px solid #999;" | [[Image:477.jpg|300px]]
|- style="color:#fff; background:#996; font-size:larger;"
! colspan=2 | '''Chevy II/Nova'''
|-
! colspan=2 style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; background:#ddb;" | [[Chevrolet]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Production:
|1968-1974
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Class:
|Compact
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Body Style:
|2-Door Coupe 3-Door Coupe 4-Door Sedan
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Length:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Width:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Height:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Wheelbase:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Weight:
|3000-3400 lbs
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Transmissions:
|3-Speed Manual, RWD 4-Speed Manual, RWD 2-Speed Automatic, RWD 3-Speed Automatic, RWD
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Engines:
|2.5L (153 cid) I4 (1968-1970) 4.1L (250 cid) I6 (1968-1974) 5.0L (307 cid) V8 (1968-1973) 5.7L (350 cid) V8 (1968-1974) 6.5L (396 cid) cid V8 (1968-1970) 7.0L (427 cid) V8 (1970)
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Power:
|90-425 hp
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Similar:
|[[Buick Apollo]] [[Oldsmobile Omega]] [[Pontiac Ventura]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Platform:
|X
|}

==Second generation (1968–1974)==

An extensive redesign came in 1968, when the station wagon and two door hardtop were discontinued. This body style continued (with a minor restyle in 1973) through 1974. One notable change was the front subframe assembly — as compared with [[Ford]], [[Chrysler]] and [[AMC]], in whose cars the entire front suspension was integrated with the bodyshell, a separate subframe housing the powertrain and front suspension (similar to the front part of the frame of GM's full-size, full-framed vehicles) replaced the earlier style. Although the front subframe design was a Chevy II-exclusive design, the [[Chevrolet Camaro|Camaro]] introduced a year earlier was the first to incorporate such a design; the redesigned Chevy II was pushed a year back to 1968 instead of 1967. 1968 was the final year that the Chevy II nameplate was used, although all 1968 models were "Chevy II Novas" with one single trim line.

The standard 153 I4 was offered between 1968-1970, then was dropped due to lack of interest. Far more popular were the 250 I6 and the new 5.0L (307 cid) V8, which replaced the 283 offered in previous generations. At mid-year a semi-automatic transmission based on the Powerglide called Torque-Drive was introduced as a low-cost option for shiftless motoring for both the four and six-cylinder engines. The two-speed Powerglide was still the only fully-automatic gearbox available with most engines as the more desirable three-speed Turbo Hydra-Matic was only available with the largest V8 engines.

The SS was transformed from a trim package to a performance option for 1968 and now included a 295 hp 5.7L (350 cid) V8 engine along with front disc brakes, heavy-duty suspension and other performance hardware. Optional engines included two versions of the big-block 6.5L (396 cid) V8 rated at 350 and 375 hp. Both 396 engines were offered with a choice of transmissions including the M-21 close-ratio four-speed manual, the M-22 heavy-duty "Rock Crusher" four-speed manual, or the three-speed Turbo Hydra-Matic 400 for those who preferred automatic shifting.

===1969===

The Chevy II nameplate was retired and the car became the "Chevy Nova" for this year (some sources referred to it as the Chevrolet Chevy Nova - perhaps the decision to drop the Chevy II moniker was a last-minute decision for 1969). Like other 1969 GM vehicles, locking steering columns were incorporated. Simulated vents were added below the Nova script, which was relocated to the front fender instead of the rear quarter panel. The 350 V8 with four-barrel carburetor that came standard with the SS option was revised with a five-hp increase to 300 while a two-barrel carbureted version of the 350 V8 rated at 255 hp was a new option on non-SS models. A new Turbo Hydra-Matic 350 three-speed automatic was made available for non-SS Novas with six-cylinder and V8 engines.

===1970===

Basically a carryover from 1969; the side markers and taillight lenses were wider and positioned slightly differently, which placed the reverse lights in the middle of the taillight lens instead of the inward portion. This was the final year for the SS396. All other engines were carried over including the seldom-ordered four-cylinder which was in its final year. The car finally became simply the Chevrolet Nova this year after two years of transitional nameplates (Chevy II Nova in 1968 and Chevrolet Chevy Nova in 1969).

Approximately 177 COPO Novas were ordered, with 175 converted by Yenko Chevrolet (the other two were sold in Canada). These had the mighty 7.0L (427 cid) V8 engine that was also shared with the COPO Chevrolet [[Chevelle|Chevelle]] and [[Chevrolet Camaro|Camaro]].

A beater 1970 Nova coupe is prominently featured in the movie ''Beverly Hills Cop''.

===1971===

1971 Novas were similar to the previous year but with the loss of the simulated fender vents and the discontinuation of the 396 motor for the SS with the L48 350 taking its place. 1971 also saw the introduction of the '''Rally Nova''', a trim level that only lasted two years and was marketed as sort of a budget-SS. The Rally package included black or white stripes that ran the length of the car and around the back, a Rally Nova sticker on the driver's side of the hood, and Rally wheels.

The 250 I6 was now the standard Nova powerplant with the demise of the 153 I4 and 230 I6 engines. The 307 and 350 V8s were carried over from 1970 and all engines featured lowered compression ratios to enable the use of unleaded gasoline as a result of a GM corporate mandate that took effect with the 1971 model year.

After 1971, other GM divisions began rebadging the Nova as their new entry-level vehicle, such as the [[Pontiac Ventura]] II (once a trim option for full-size Pontiacs to 1970), [[Oldsmobile Omega]] (1973) and the [[Buick Apollo]] (mid-1973). Interestingly, the intials of the four model names spelled out the acronym '''NOVA''' (Nova, Omega, Ventura, Apollo.)

===1972===

A virtual rerun of 1971, the 1972 Nova received only minor trim changes and both the Rally Nova and SS options carried over. At mid-year a manual canvas sunroof option became available on two-door models. Also, the optional Strato bucket seats available on coupes switched from the previous low-back design with adjustable headrests to the high back units with built-in headrests introduced the previous year on Camaros and Vegas.

===1973===

The 1973 model year introduced a new hatchback bodystyle based on the 2-door coupe, as well as a front and rear restyling and a modified rear side window shape, plus a revised rear suspension adapted from the second-generation Camaro with multi-leaf springs replacing the mono-leaf springs used on Novas since the original 1966 model. A luxury-themed Nova Custom became part of the model lineup which included upgraded upholstery, full carpeting and more exterior trim. By this time, six-cylinder and V8 engines were ''de rigeur'' for American compact cars, with the 307 and 350 (5.0 and 5.7L) V8s becoming fairly common. Nova SS models offered a higher-performance 350 (5.7L) V8. The 1973 Nova with a six-cylinder engine or 307 V8 were among the last Chevrolets to be offered with the now-outdated two-speed Powerglide automatic transmission, which was in its final year.

===1974===

For 1974, the powerglide was replaced by a lightweight version of the three-speed Turbo Hydra-Matic 350 already offered with the 350 V8, which was now the only V8 offered this year. The SS option was still available but became more of a sporty trim package than a performance offering and now offered with any Nova engine, much like the 1963-67 Nova SS.

{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style="float:right; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:250px; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #999; font-size:83%; line-height:1.5; " summary="Infobox Automobile"
|- style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| colspan=2 style="padding:0; background:#996; color:#fff; border-bottom:1px solid #999;" | [[Image:77rally.jpg|300px]]
|- style="color:#fff; background:#996; font-size:larger;"
! colspan=2 | '''Chevrolet Nova'''
|-
! colspan=2 style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; background:#ddb;" | [[Chevrolet]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Production:
|1975-1979
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Class:
|Compact
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Body Style:
|2-Door Coupe 3-Door Coupe 4-Door Sedan
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Length:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Width:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Height:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Wheelbase:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Weight:
|3000-3400 lbs
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Transmissions:
|3-Speed Manual, RWD 4-Speed Manual, RWD 3-Speed Automatic, RWD
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Engines:
|4.1L (250 cid) I6 (1975-1979) 4.3L (262 cid) V8 (1975) 5.0L (305 cid) V8 (1976-1979) 5.7L (350 cid) V8 (1975-1978)
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Power:
|110-170 hp
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Similar:
|[[Buick Skylark]] [[Cadillac Seville]] [[Oldsmobile Omega]] [[Pontiac Ventura]]/[[Pontiac Phoenix|Phoenix]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Platform:
|X
|}

==Third generation (1975–1979)==

A completely redesigned Nova was introduced in 1975. Bodystyles were still the 2-door coupe, 3-door hatchback and 4-door sedans. Base coupes, including the hatchback, had fixed side windows (or optional flip-out windows) and simulated vertical vents on the B-pillar (sedans would have simulated horizontal vents at the bottom of the C-pillar). Engines this year were the standard 250 I6 carried over from the previous generations, a 4.3L (262 cid) V8 and 350 V8 were optional. The front suspension and subframe assembly was similar to the one used in the second-generation GM F-body ([[Chevrolet Camaro|Camaro]], [[Pontiac Firebird|Firebird]]), whereas the rear axle and suspension were carried over from the 1968-74 generation.

The Nova lineup now ranged from the stripped-down "S" model, base, Custom, and the luxury-themed LN (the LN, or "Luxury Nova", was one of the first cars to sport metric displacement badges — either "4.3 LITRE" or "5.7 LITRE"). The Nova SS continued for 1975 and got a unique grille with horizontal parking lights versus the vertical units beside the headlights. A high-performance 9C1 police version of the Nova was introduced for the 1975 model year, making it the first compact car certified for police duty in the U.S. Most were initially purchased by the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department in 1976.

The LN was replaced with the Nova Concours in 1976, and the Custom model was gone (temporarily). The grille was changed slightly, and the short-lived 262 V8 was replaced by the new 5.0L (305 cid) V8 and was standard on the Concours. The 350 V8 remained the top engine option. Transmissions included the 3-speed manual standard with the I6, with a 4-speed manual or 3-speed automatic optional. The 305 could have a 4-speed manual or automatic, while the 350 was automatic only. 1977 Concours models got a new 3-taillight lens scheme very similar to the larger [[Chevrolet Impala|Impala]] with a [[Cadillac]]-esque front clip that included chrome squared-off headlight bezels and a more elegant-looking vertically-barred grille with extra chrome trim. The SS was dropped, but it would continue as the '''Nova Rally''', which was basically the same sporty-themed idea.

1978 Novas continued with little change, other than the Custom model returning as the base model. The 2-door, 3-door hatchback and 4-door sedan bodystyles, and Concours and Rally models, were still available. By now the Nova was starting to fall out of favor with much of the buying public, largely due to increased competition from the new [[Ford Fairmont]] and even Chevrolet's own [[Chevrolet Malibu|Malibu]], which was an all-new downsized model for 1978. Even though 1979 was a final abbreviated model year, the front end was nonetheless revised again with square headlights and a new horizontally-barred grille for the short run. The 9C1 police package was dropped for '79, along with the Rally model and 350 V8 engine. Production ended on December 22, 1978. The Nova was replaced by the all-new front wheel drive [[Chevrolet Citation|Citation]] for 1980. The Nova name, however, would reappear again in 1985 on an unrelated model.

{{-}}

{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style="float:right; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:250px; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #999; font-size:83%; line-height:1.5; " summary="Infobox Automobile"
|- style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| colspan=2 style="padding:0; background:#996; color:#fff; border-bottom:1px solid #999;" | [[Image:156392062X01LZZZZZZ.jpg|300px]]
|- style="color:#fff; background:#996; font-size:larger;"
! colspan=2 | '''Chevrolet Nova'''
|-
! colspan=2 style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; background:#ddb;" | [[Chevrolet]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Production:
| 1985-1988
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Class:
|Compact
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Body Style:
|4-Door Sedan 5-Door Sedan
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Length:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Width:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Height:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Wheelbase:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Weight:
|2500-2700 lbs
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Transmissions:
|5-Speed Manual, FWD 3-Speed Automatic, FWD
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Engines:
|1.6L (97 cid) I4
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Power:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Similar:
|[[Toyota Corolla]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Platform:
|S
|}

==1985-1988 Nova==

In 1985 the Nova name was applied to a rebadged [[Toyota Corolla]] and was produced at the NUMMI plant in Fremont, California, as an historic first joint venture between [[General Motors]] and [[Toyota]]. It shared the Corolla's drivetrain and running gear, and was available as a 4-door sedan and a 5-door hatchback (just like the Corolla). It differed from the Corolla mainly with slightly different front-end styling. It also shared many interior parts, such as audio systems, with other GM's offerings whereas the Corolla did not. The Corolla had been redesigned for 1988, but the Nova continued to use the old platform for its last year. The 1990 Geo Prizm was related to the new Corolla.

{{-}}

==Photos==
<gallery>
Image:Ad77police350x496.jpg
</gallery>

==Main Competitors 1962-1979==
*[[Studebaker Lark]]
*[[Dodge Dart]]/[[Dodge Aspen|Aspen]]
*[[Ford Falcon]]/[[Ford Maverick|Maverick]]/[[Ford Fairmont|Fairmont]]
*[[Ford Granada]]
*[[Mercury Comet]]/[[Mercury Zephyr|Zephyr]]
*[[Mercury Monarch]]
*[[Plymouth Valiant]]/[[Plymouth Volare|Volare]]

==Main Competitors 1985-1988==

*[[Dodge Omni]]
*[[Ford Escort]]
*[[Honda Civic]]
*[[Isuzu I-Mark]]
*[[Mazda 323]]
*[[Mercury Lynx]]
*[[Nissan Sentra]]
*[[Plymouth Horizon]]
*[[Volkswagen Golf]]

==The urban legend==
A popular urban legend asserts that the Nova sold poorly in Mexico and other Latin American countries because the phrase ''no va'' means "does not go" in Spanish. In reality, the Spanish language ''no va'' and ''nova'' are as different as the English ''no table'' and ''notable'', or ''therapist'' and ''the rapist''. [http://www.snopes.com/business/misxlate/nova.asp] The word ''nova'' exists in [http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova Spanish] with the same meaning as in English. Also, the Spanish word for 'new' (nuevo or nueva) is cognate to ''nova'', which originally meant "new" in Latin. Finally, as NOVA was a brand of gasoline sold for many years by PEMEX in Mexico, the largest of all Spanish-speaking Latin American countries, it is clear that this urban legend, while perhaps entertaining, is utterly baseless.

==See Also==
{{Chevrolet}}

==External links==
*[http://www.nnnova.com/ National Nostalgic Nova] The original National Nostalgic Nova Club Celebrating 25 Years of Helping Nova People The only Monthly Magazine dedicated to Only Novas!
*[http://people.smu.edu/acambre/nova/ Chevrolet Nova Internet Source] — The second known Nova site on the Internet
*[http://people.smu.edu/acambre/novaList.html Nova listserv] — The first and only known public [[Electronic mailing list|mailing list]] dedicated to Chevrolet Novas and other X-bodies; in continuous existence since January 1998
*[http://automotivehistoryonline.com/Chevrolet1960m.htm Automotive History Online] - Chevrolet Nova History & Photos
*[http://www.novaresource.org/ NovaResource.com] — Excellent source of history, production numbers, and option code information for 1962-79 Novas
*[http://www.stevesnovasite.com/ Steve's Nova Site] - Includes Q&A discussion board; another excellent resource for Nova owners
*[http://www.musclecarfacts.com/mcf/nova/nova.asp Chevy Nova SS at Muscle Car Facts] — A year-by-year history.
*[http://www.gen4novas.com/ Gen4Novas.com] — Source for the 'stepchild' Disco-era X-car.

[[Category:Classic cars]]

Chevrolet Nova

2008-08-10T18:13:52Z

69.136.96.119:

[[Image:Nova front fender emblem 68-72.jpg|right|350px]]
The '''[[Chevrolet]] Nova''', or '''Chevy II''', was an American compact car introduced by [[General Motors]] in 1962. The original Chevy II was of unibody construction, powered by an OHV inline four or six-cylinder engine, and available in two- and four-door sedan configurations as well as convertible and station wagon versions. After the rear-engine [[Chevrolet Corvair]] was handily outsold by the conventional [[Ford Falcon]] in 1960, Chevrolet began work on a more conventional compact car that would eventually become the Chevy II. The Chevy II/Nova continued on throughout the 1960s and 70s with great success until it was supplanted by the front wheel drive [[Chevrolet Citation|Citation]] in 1980. The Nova name would reappear briefly again in 1985 as a twin to (of all things) the [[Toyota Corolla]]. The "Toyolet" Nova was discontinued after 1988, replaced by the [[Geo Prizm]].

{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style="float:right; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:250px; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #999; font-size:83%; line-height:1.5; " summary="Infobox Automobile"
|- style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| colspan=2 style="padding:0; background:#996; color:#fff; border-bottom:1px solid #999;" | [[Image:1962 Chevrolet II.jpg|300px]]
|- style="color:#fff; background:#996; font-size:larger;"
! colspan=2 | '''Chevy II/Nova'''
|-
! colspan=2 style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; background:#ddb;" | [[Chevrolet]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Production:
|1962-1965
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Class:
|Compact
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Body Style:
|2-Door Coupe 4-Door Sedan 2-Door Convertible 5-Door Wagon
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Length:
| 153" 157.4" (wagon)
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Width:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Height:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Wheelbase:
| 110"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Weight:
|2800-3100 lbs
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Transmissions:
|3-Speed Manual, RWD 4-Speed Manual, RWD 2-Speed Automatic, RWD 3-Speed Automatic, RWD
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Engines:
|2.5L (153 cid) I4 (1962-1965) 3.2L (194 cid) I6 (1962-1965) 3.8L (230 cid) I6 (1964-1965) 4.7L (283 cid) V8 (1964-1965) 5.3L (327 cid) V8 (1965)
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Power:
|90-300 hp
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Similar:
|N/A
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Platform:
|X
|}

==First Generation (1962-1965)==

Three different levels of this car were made - the Chevy II 100, the Chevy II 300 and the Chevy II Nova 400. Available powerplants included the standard 2.5L (153 cid) I4 and optional the 3.2L (194 cid) I6. Although the 1st gen Nova was not originally available with a V8 option, the engine bay was perfectly proportioned for one. It wasn't long before Chevrolet V8s were offered as dealer-installed options (between 1962 and 1963), up to and including the fuel injected version available in the [[Chevrolet Corvette]]. The combination of readily available V8 power and light weight made the Nova a popular choice of drag racers.

For 1963, the Chevy II Nova Super Sport ('''SS''') was released. As previously mentioned, Novas could not "officially" have V8 engines at this time — the standard SS engine was the six-cylinder — but many ended up with a small-block V8 under the hood. In 1962 and 1963 the Nova was available in a convertible body style, and a two-door hardtop was available from 1962-1965.
For 1964, the Chevy II's first factory V8 option was introduced - a 195 hp 4.7L (283 cid) V8. The convertible was dropped, and the SS was also dropped at the beginning of this year, but it was reinstated mid-year due to high popular demand. The 300 series trim level was discontinued, leaving the 100 and 400 levels. In 1965, the grille was redesigned and the parking lights were relocated from directly below the headlights to the bumper. Taillights were revised also. The 5.3L (327 cid) V8 debuted this year in the SS with up to 300 horsepower.

{{-}}

{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style="float:right; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:250px; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #999; font-size:83%; line-height:1.5; " summary="Infobox Automobile"
|- style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| colspan=2 style="padding:0; background:#996; color:#fff; border-bottom:1px solid #999;" | [[Image:Chevrolet-nova 66.jpg|300px]]
|- style="color:#fff; background:#996; font-size:larger;"
! colspan=2 | '''Chevy II/Nova'''
|-
! colspan=2 style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; background:#ddb;" | [[Chevrolet]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Production:
|1966-1967
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Class:
|Compact
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Body Style:
|2-Door Coupe 4-Door Sedan 5-Door Wagon
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Length:
| 154.7" 157.4" (wagon)
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Width:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Height:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Wheelbase:
| 110"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Weight:
|2800-3100 lbs
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Transmissions:
|3-Speed Manual, RWD 4-Speed Manual, RWD 2-Speed Automatic, RWD 3-Speed Automatic, RWD
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Engines:
|2.5L (153 cid) I4 (1966-1967) 3.2L (194 cid) I6 (1966-1967) 3.8L (230 cid) I6 (1966-1967) 4.1L (250 cid) I6 (1967) 4.7L (283 cid) V8 (1966-1967) 5.3L (327 cid) V8 (1966-1967)
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Power:
|90-350 hp
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Similar:
|N/A
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Platform:
|X
|}

1966 Novas saw a significant restyling, based in part on the Super Nova concept car. In general, proportions were squared up but dimensions and features changed little. Engine options still included the basic 153 I4, 194 I6 and the 283 and 327 V8s, the latter offering now offering up to 350 horsepower, making the Nova so-equipped quite a pocket rocket during the musclecar era. During this time, the 90 hp 153 I4 was only offered in the base Chevy II 100 series models with the 120-horsepower 194 cubic-inch six standard on the Nova and Nova SS lines. In addition to the V8s, other optional engines included a 140 hp 3.8L (230 cid) I6 and a 155 hp 4.1L (250 cid) I6, the latter a new offering for 1967. The 350 hp L79 327 V8 was unfortunately dropped for 1967.

{{-}}

{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style="float:right; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:250px; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #999; font-size:83%; line-height:1.5; " summary="Infobox Automobile"
|- style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| colspan=2 style="padding:0; background:#996; color:#fff; border-bottom:1px solid #999;" | [[Image:477.jpg|300px]]
|- style="color:#fff; background:#996; font-size:larger;"
! colspan=2 | '''Chevy II/Nova'''
|-
! colspan=2 style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; background:#ddb;" | [[Chevrolet]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Production:
|1968-1974
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Class:
|Compact
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Body Style:
|2-Door Coupe 3-Door Coupe 4-Door Sedan
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Length:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Width:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Height:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Wheelbase:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Weight:
|3000-3400 lbs
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Transmissions:
|3-Speed Manual, RWD 4-Speed Manual, RWD 2-Speed Automatic, RWD 3-Speed Automatic, RWD
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Engines:
|2.5L (153 cid) I4 (1968-1970) 4.1L (250 cid) I6 (1968-1974) 5.0L (307 cid) V8 (1968-1973) 5.7L (350 cid) V8 (1968-1974) 6.5L (396 cid) cid V8 (1968-1970) 7.0L (427 cid) V8 (1970)
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Power:
|90-425 hp
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Similar:
|[[Buick Apollo]] [[Oldsmobile Omega]] [[Pontiac Ventura]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Platform:
|X
|}

==Second generation (1968–1974)==

An extensive redesign came in 1968, when the station wagon and two door hardtop were discontinued. This body style continued (with a minor restyle in 1973) through 1974. One notable change was the front subframe assembly — as compared with [[Ford]], [[Chrysler]] and [[AMC]], in whose cars the entire front suspension was integrated with the bodyshell, a separate subframe housing the powertrain and front suspension (similar to the front part of the frame of GM's full-size, full-framed vehicles) replaced the earlier style. Although the front subframe design was a Chevy II-exclusive design, the [[Chevrolet Camaro|Camaro]] introduced a year earlier was the first to incorporate such a design; the redesigned Chevy II was pushed a year back to 1968 instead of 1967. 1968 was the final year that the Chevy II nameplate was used, although all 1968 models were "Chevy II Novas" with one single trim line.

The standard 153 I4 was offered between 1968-1970, then was dropped due to lack of interest. Far more popular were the 250 I6 and the new 5.0L (307 cid) V8, which replaced the 283 offered in previous generations. At mid-year a semi-automatic transmission based on the Powerglide called Torque-Drive was introduced as a low-cost option for shiftless motoring for both the four and six-cylinder engines. The two-speed Powerglide was still the only fully-automatic gearbox available with most engines as the more desirable three-speed Turbo Hydra-Matic was only available with the largest V8 engines.

The SS was transformed from a trim package to a performance option for 1968 and now included a 295 hp 5.7L (350 cid) V8 engine along with front disc brakes, heavy-duty suspension and other performance hardware. Optional engines included two versions of the big-block 6.5L (396 cid) V8 rated at 350 and 375 hp. Both 396 engines were offered with a choice of transmissions including the M-21 close-ratio four-speed manual, the M-22 heavy-duty "Rock Crusher" four-speed manual, or the three-speed Turbo Hydra-Matic 400 for those who preferred automatic shifting.

===1969===

The Chevy II nameplate was retired and the car became the "Chevy Nova" for this year (some sources referred to it as the Chevrolet Chevy Nova - perhaps the decision to drop the Chevy II moniker was a last-minute decision for 1969). Like other 1969 GM vehicles, locking steering columns were incorporated. Simulated vents were added below the Nova script, which was relocated to the front fender instead of the rear quarter panel. The 350 V8 with four-barrel carburetor that came standard with the SS option was revised with a five-hp increase to 300 while a two-barrel carbureted version of the 350 V8 rated at 255 hp was a new option on non-SS models. A new Turbo Hydra-Matic 350 three-speed automatic was made available for non-SS Novas with six-cylinder and V8 engines.

===1970===

Basically a carryover from 1969; the side markers and taillight lenses were wider and positioned slightly differently, which placed the reverse lights in the middle of the taillight lens instead of the inward portion. This was the final year for the SS396. All other engines were carried over including the seldom-ordered four-cylinder which was in its final year. The car finally became simply the Chevrolet Nova this year after two years of transitional nameplates (Chevy II Nova in 1968 and Chevrolet Chevy Nova in 1969).

Approximately 177 COPO Novas were ordered, with 175 converted by Yenko Chevrolet (the other two were sold in Canada). These had the mighty 7.0L (427 cid) V8 engine that was also shared with the COPO Chevrolet [[Chevelle|Chevelle]] and [[Chevrolet Camaro|Camaro]].

A beater 1970 Nova coupe is prominently featured in the movie ''Beverly Hills Cop''.

===1971===

1971 Novas were similar to the previous year but with the loss of the simulated fender vents and the discontinuation of the 396 motor for the SS with the L48 350 taking its place. 1971 also saw the introduction of the '''Rally Nova''', a trim level that only lasted two years and was marketed as sort of a budget-SS. The Rally package included black or white stripes that ran the length of the car and around the back, a Rally Nova sticker on the driver's side of the hood, and Rally wheels.

The 250 I6 was now the standard Nova powerplant with the demise of the 153 I4 and 230 I6 engines. The 307 and 350 V8s were carried over from 1970 and all engines featured lowered compression ratios to enable the use of unleaded gasoline as a result of a GM corporate mandate that took effect with the 1971 model year.

After 1971, other GM divisions began rebadging the Nova as their new entry-level vehicle, such as the [[Pontiac Ventura]] II (once a trim option for full-size Pontiacs to 1970), [[Oldsmobile Omega]] (1973) and the [[Buick Apollo]] (mid-1973). Interestingly, the intials of the four model names spelled out the acronym '''NOVA''' (Nova, Omega, Ventura, Apollo.)

===1972===

A virtual rerun of 1971, the 1972 Nova received only minor trim changes and both the Rally Nova and SS options carried over. At mid-year a manual canvas sunroof option became available on two-door models. Also, the optional Strato bucket seats available on coupes switched from the previous low-back design with adjustable headrests to the high back units with built-in headrests introduced the previous year on Camaros and Vegas.

===1973===

The 1973 model year introduced a new hatchback bodystyle based on the 2-door coupe, as well as a front and rear restyling and a modified rear side window shape, plus a revised rear suspension adapted from the second-generation Camaro with multi-leaf springs replacing the mono-leaf springs used on Novas since the original 1966 model. A luxury-themed Nova Custom became part of the model lineup which included upgraded upholstery, full carpeting and more exterior trim. By this time, six-cylinder and V8 engines were ''de rigeur'' for American compact cars, with the 307 and 350 (5.0 and 5.7L) V8s becoming fairly common. Nova SS models offered a higher-performance 350 (5.7L) V8. The 1973 Nova with a six-cylinder engine or 307 V8 were among the last Chevrolets to be offered with the now-outdated two-speed Powerglide automatic transmission, which was in its final year.

===1974===

For 1974, the powerglide was replaced by a lightweight version of the three-speed Turbo Hydra-Matic 350 already offered with the 350 V8, which was now the only V8 offered this year. The SS option was still available but became more of a sporty trim package than a performance offering and now offered with any Nova engine, much like the 1963-67 Nova SS.

{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style="float:right; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:250px; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #999; font-size:83%; line-height:1.5; " summary="Infobox Automobile"
|- style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| colspan=2 style="padding:0; background:#996; color:#fff; border-bottom:1px solid #999;" | [[Image:77rally.jpg|300px]]
|- style="color:#fff; background:#996; font-size:larger;"
! colspan=2 | '''Chevrolet Nova'''
|-
! colspan=2 style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; background:#ddb;" | [[Chevrolet]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Production:
|1975-1979
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Class:
|Compact
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Body Style:
|2-Door Coupe 3-Door Coupe 4-Door Sedan
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Length:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Width:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Height:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Wheelbase:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Weight:
|3000-3400 lbs
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Transmissions:
|3-Speed Manual, RWD 4-Speed Manual, RWD 3-Speed Automatic, RWD
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Engines:
|4.1L (250 cid) I6 (1975-1979) 4.3L (262 cid) V8 (1975) 5.0L (305 cid) V8 (1976-1979) 5.7L (350 cid) V8 (1975-1978)
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Power:
|110-170 hp
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Similar:
|[[Buick Skylark]] [[Cadillac Seville]] [[Oldsmobile Omega]] [[Pontiac Ventura]]/[[Pontiac Phoenix|Phoenix]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Platform:
|X
|}

==Third generation (1975–1979)==

A completely redesigned Nova was introduced in 1975. Bodystyles were still the 2-door coupe, 3-door hatchback and 4-door sedans. Base coupes, including the hatchback, had fixed side windows (or optional flip-out windows) and simulated vertical vents on the B-pillar (sedans would have simulated horizontal vents at the bottom of the C-pillar). Engines this year were the standard 250 I6 carried over from the previous generations, a 4.3L (262 cid) V8 and 350 V8 were optional. The front suspension and subframe assembly was similar to the one used in the second-generation GM F-body ([[Chevrolet Camaro|Camaro]], [[Pontiac Firebird|Firebird]]), whereas the rear axle and suspension were carried over from the 1968-74 generation.

The Nova lineup now ranged from the stripped-down "S" model, base, Custom, and the luxury-themed LN (the LN, or "Luxury Nova", was one of the first cars to sport metric displacement badges — either "4.3 LITRE" or "5.7 LITRE"). The Nova SS continued for 1975 and got a unique grille with horizontal parking lights versus the vertical units beside the headlights. A high-performance 9C1 police version of the Nova was introduced for the 1975 model year, making it the first compact car certified for police duty in the U.S. Most were initially purchased by the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department in 1976.

The LN was replaced with the Nova Concours in 1976, and the Custom model was gone (temporarily). The grille was changed slightly, and the short-lived 262 V8 was replaced by the new 5.0L (305 cid) V8 and was standard on the Concours. The 350 V8 remained the top engine option. Transmissions included the 3-speed manual standard with the I6, with a 4-speed manual or 3-speed automatic optional. The 305 could have a 4-speed manual or automatic, while the 350 was automatic only. 1977 Concours models got a new 3-taillight lens scheme very similar to the larger [[Chevrolet Impala|Impala]] with a [[Cadillac]]-esque front clip that included chrome squared-off headlight bezels and a more elegant-looking vertically-barred grille with extra chrome trim. The SS was dropped, but it would continue as the '''Nova Rally''', which was basically the same sporty-themed idea.

1978 Novas continued with little change, other than the Custom model returning as the base model. The 2-door, 3-door hatchback and 4-door sedan bodystyles, and Concours and Rally models, were still available. By now the Nova was starting to fall out of favor with much of the buying public, largely due to increased competition from the new [[Ford Fairmont]] and even Chevrolet's own [[Chevrolet Malibu|Malibu]], which was an all-new downsized model for 1978. Even though 1979 was a final abbreviated model year, the front end was nonetheless revised again with square headlights and a new horizontally-barred grille for the short run. The 9C1 police package was dropped for '79, along with the Rally model and 350 V8 engine. Production ended on December 22, 1978. The Nova was replaced by the all-new front wheel drive [[Chevrolet Citation|Citation]] for 1980. The Nova name, however, would reappear again in 1985 on an unrelated model.

{{-}}

{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style="float:right; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:250px; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #999; font-size:83%; line-height:1.5; " summary="Infobox Automobile"
|- style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| colspan=2 style="padding:0; background:#996; color:#fff; border-bottom:1px solid #999;" | [[Image:156392062X01LZZZZZZ.jpg|300px]]
|- style="color:#fff; background:#996; font-size:larger;"
! colspan=2 | '''Chevrolet Nova'''
|-
! colspan=2 style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; background:#ddb;" | [[Chevrolet]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Production:
| 1985-1988
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Class:
|Compact
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Body Style:
|4-Door Sedan 5-Door Sedan
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Length:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Width:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Height:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Wheelbase:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Weight:
|2500-2700 lbs
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Transmissions:
|5-Speed Manual, FWD 3-Speed Automatic, FWD
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Engines:
|1.6L (97 cid) I4
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Power:
|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Similar:
|[[Toyota Corolla]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Platform:
|S
|}

==1985-1988 Nova==

In 1985 the Nova name was applied to a rebadged [[Toyota Corolla]] and was produced at the NUMMI plant in Fremont, California, as an historic first joint venture between [[General Motors]] and [[Toyota]]. It shared the Corolla's drivetrain and running gear, and was available as a 4-door sedan and a 5-door hatchback (just like the Corolla). It differed from the Corolla mainly with slightly different front-end styling. It also shared many interior parts, such as audio systems, with other GM's offerings whereas the Corolla did not. The Corolla had been redesigned for 1988, but the Nova continued to use the old platform for one year. The 1990 Geo Prizm was related to the new Corolla.

{{-}}

==Photos==
<gallery>
Image:Ad77police350x496.jpg
</gallery>

==Main Competitors 1962-1979==
*[[Studebaker Lark]]
*[[Dodge Dart]]/[[Dodge Aspen|Aspen]]
*[[Ford Falcon]]/[[Ford Maverick|Maverick]]/[[Ford Fairmont|Fairmont]]
*[[Ford Granada]]
*[[Mercury Comet]]/[[Mercury Zephyr|Zephyr]]
*[[Mercury Monarch]]
*[[Plymouth Valiant]]/[[Plymouth Volare|Volare]]

==Main Competitors 1985-1988==

*[[Dodge Omni]]
*[[Ford Escort]]
*[[Honda Civic]]
*[[Isuzu I-Mark]]
*[[Mazda 323]]
*[[Mercury Lynx]]
*[[Nissan Sentra]]
*[[Plymouth Horizon]]
*[[Volkswagen Golf]]

==The urban legend==
A popular urban legend asserts that the Nova sold poorly in Mexico and other Latin American countries because the phrase ''no va'' means "does not go" in Spanish. In reality, the Spanish language ''no va'' and ''nova'' are as different as the English ''no table'' and ''notable'', or ''therapist'' and ''the rapist''. [http://www.snopes.com/business/misxlate/nova.asp] The word ''nova'' exists in [http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova Spanish] with the same meaning as in English. Also, the Spanish word for 'new' (nuevo or nueva) is cognate to ''nova'', which originally meant "new" in Latin. Finally, as NOVA was a brand of gasoline sold for many years by PEMEX in Mexico, the largest of all Spanish-speaking Latin American countries, it is clear that this urban legend, while perhaps entertaining, is utterly baseless.

==See Also==
{{Chevrolet}}

==External links==
*[http://www.nnnova.com/ National Nostalgic Nova] The original National Nostalgic Nova Club Celebrating 25 Years of Helping Nova People The only Monthly Magazine dedicated to Only Novas!
*[http://people.smu.edu/acambre/nova/ Chevrolet Nova Internet Source] — The second known Nova site on the Internet
*[http://people.smu.edu/acambre/novaList.html Nova listserv] — The first and only known public [[Electronic mailing list|mailing list]] dedicated to Chevrolet Novas and other X-bodies; in continuous existence since January 1998
*[http://automotivehistoryonline.com/Chevrolet1960m.htm Automotive History Online] - Chevrolet Nova History & Photos
*[http://www.novaresource.org/ NovaResource.com] — Excellent source of history, production numbers, and option code information for 1962-79 Novas
*[http://www.stevesnovasite.com/ Steve's Nova Site] - Includes Q&A discussion board; another excellent resource for Nova owners
*[http://www.musclecarfacts.com/mcf/nova/nova.asp Chevy Nova SS at Muscle Car Facts] — A year-by-year history.
*[http://www.gen4novas.com/ Gen4Novas.com] — Source for the 'stepchild' Disco-era X-car.

[[Category:Classic cars]]

Chevrolet Cavalier

2008-08-10T18:07:25Z

69.136.96.119:

'''[[Chevrolet]]''' introduced the all-new J-car '''Cavalier''' subcompact in April 1981 as an early 1982 model. After [[GM]]'s previous disastrous experiences with the subcompact [[Chevrolet Vega|Vega]] and [[Chevrolet Monza|Monza]] (OK, so the Monza wasn't ''quite'' the disaster the Vega was), GM sorely needed to redeem itself in the subcompact car market, and the Cavalier (and its other J-body corporate mates - the [[Buick Skyhawk]], [[Oldsmobile Firenza]] and [[Pontiac Sunbird|J2000]]) was the car that GM put their faith in to get them back on the proper track. Even [[Cadillac]] got its own J-car clone, the [[Cadillac Cimarron|Cimarron]], but that's one model that Cadillac is surely hoping is permamently erased from the buying public's memory. The Cavalier would last a total of 24 model years, but would only span 2 generations, undergoing only one redesign in 1995. The Cavalier would be succeeded by the all-new [[Chevrolet Cobalt|Cobalt]] in 2005, which was also the Cavalier's final year.

Here's a quick rundown on each generation:

{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style="float:right; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:250px; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #999; font-size:83%; line-height:1.5; " summary="Infobox Automobile"
|- style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| colspan=2 style="padding:0; background:#996; color:#fff; border-bottom:1px solid #999;" | {{{Image}}}
|- style="color:#fff; background:#996; font-size:larger;"
! colspan=2 | '''Chevrolet Cavalier'''
|-
! colspan=2 style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; background:#ddb;" | [[Chevrolet]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Production
| 1982-1994
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Class
| Subcompact
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Body Style
| 2-Door Coupe 2-Door Convertible 3-Door Hatchback 4-Door Sedan 5-Door Wagon
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Length
| 173.5" (1982-1987) 174.5" (1988-1994)
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Width
| 66"
|- style="vertical-align:top;
| Height
| 52" (coupe, convertible) 54.2" (sedan, wagon)
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Wheelbase
| 101.2"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Weight
| 2300-2800 lbs
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Transmission
| 4-Speed Manual, FWD 5-Speed Manual, FWD 3-Speed Automatic, FWD 4-Speed Automatic, FWD
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Engine
| 1.8L (110 cid) I4 (1982-1983) 2.0L (122 cid) I4 (1983-1989) 2.2L (134 cid) I4 (1990-1994) 2.8L (173 cid) V6 (1986-1989) 3.1L (191 cid) V6 (1990-1994)
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Power
| 88-140 hp
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Similar
| [[Buick Skyhawk]] [[Cadillac Cimarron]] [[Oldsmobile Firenza]] [[Pontiac J2000]]/[[Pontiac Sunbird|Sunbird]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Platform
| J
|}

==1st Generation (1982-1994)==

The Cavalier debuts, replacing the departed Monza. It was completely different from its predecessor in that it was a front wheel drive design, much more modern, more space and fuel efficient and much more versatile than the Monza was. The basic structure was quite simple: a unibody design and the suspension consisted of MacPherson struts up front and a simple beam axle in the back on coil springs. Bodystyles consisted of a 3-door hatchback coupe (called '''Type-10'''), a 2-door notchback coupe and 4-door sedan, along with a 5-door station wagon. Its sole engine (at first) was an 88 hp 1.8L (110 cid) I4, with either a 4-speed manual or a 3-speed automatic transmission. Needless to say its performance was anything other than sedate, with 0-60 times well past 16 seconds, even more with the automatic. Despite an extended model year, Chevy managed to sell only 58,904 Cavaliers. Perhaps the public wasn't quite sure of what to make of the new Cavalier at first, plus Chevy's other subcompact, the ancient [[Chevrolet Chevette|Chevette]], was still selling quite well - which might have been another culprit in the Cavalier's inaugural low sales figure.

1983 saw no visual change, but it did have a new engine option, a slighly enlarged 2.0L (121 cid) I4 which was still rated at only 88 hp, but it had more usable torque than the 1.8 - plus a 5-speed manual debuted as an option (Chevrolet's first such transmission on an I4 since the 1976 Cosworth [[Chevrolet Vega|Vega]]) - the 4-speed was still available on the 1.8, and the 3-speed automatic was available on both engines. There was also a convertible added late in the model year, in which only 627 examples were sold. Despite a sluggish sales start last year, the 1983 Cavalier evidently clicked much better with buyers this year, as sales jumped to a total of 218,587.

1984 Cavaliers got a new nose with a blacked-out eggcrate grille, quad rectangular headlamps and turn signals in the bumper instead of beside the headlights as in last year. Dashboards were all new as well. The Type-10 package was now available on the 2-door notchback and convertible in addition to the 3-door hatchback. The 4-door sedans and 5-door wagons continued on, and the dreadfully slow 1.8L engine was gone - the 2.0L was now the only engine option, again available with either a 5-speed or automatic. Despite the larger [[Chevrolet Citation|Citation]] and smaller [[Chevrolet Chevette|Chevette]] now falling out of favor with buyers (or perhaps because of), the Cavalier managed to more than double its 1983's sales figures, with 462,611 examples sold, making it the new most popular car in America, and the best in Cavalier's history.

1985 models got a new taillight design and a new 2-spoke steering wheel, but little else changed other than the usual new color shuffling. 1986 models all got the required Center High Mounted Stop Lamp, and this year the big news was the addition of the sporty Cavalier '''Z24'''. The Z24 was available on the 2-door notch and 3-door hatch model only, and was shod with 60-series 14" Goodyear Eagle GT tires with alloy wheels, ground effects, and of course the 125 hp 2.8L (173 cid) V6 that was available in other Chevy models such as the [[Chevrolet Celebrity|Celebrity]] and [[Chevrolet Camaro|Camaro]], as well as the departed [[Chevrolet Citation|Citation]] X-11. Z24s also got a unique digital dashboard, while lesser Cavaliers still used the previous analog dash. Chevrolet marketers fancied the Z24 as the [[Chevrolet Corvette|Corvette]] and [[Chevrolet Camaro|Camaro]] Z28's feisty little kid brother. The Z24 was to have been introduced in 1985, but was delayed a year. The V6 was available with on lesser RS models also (and so-equipped models also got the digital dash), and had either a 4-speed manual or 3-speed automatic. 432,101 were sold this year, but the Cavalier was knocked down into second place as America's best selling car by its own larger [[Chevrolet Celebruty|Celebrity]] brother, which took the top spot this year.

1987s continued without much change - the 2.0L I4 got a slight power boost to 90 hp, and the Z24 could now have a 5-speed manual transmission - the 4-speed was gone. The 3-speed automatic was still available with either engine. Speaking of the Z24, it was now available as a convertible. All other bodystyles continued as before.

Now that the ancient [[Chevrolet Chevette|Chevette]] was mercifully retired in 1987, the 1988 Cavalier was now Chevrolet's smallest domestically-built car, and underwent its first major restyle since its introduction. Cavaliers got all-new sheetmetal which consisted of a new nose with a body-colored horizontal grille and composite headlamps. The 2-door coupe got a sleek new tail treatment with a semi-fastback rear roofline (largely emulating the design of GM's European [[Opel]]/[[Vauxhall]]'s subcompact line). Taillights were all new and larger on all but the wagons, which retained the same rear look as before. The 3-door hatch model was no more. The interior was updated with a new dashboard design as well. All drivetrain choices carried over. Z24s continued, and they all now had 2-tone paint treatments, new alloy rims, and twin hood blisters. 1989 models carried on virtually untouched after last year's makeover.

Now that the Buick and Oldsmobile J-cars were gone after 1989 (the Cadillac's was gone after 1988), the Cavalier and Pontiac Sunbird were now the 2 remaining survivors. There were a few detail changes to 1990 Cavaliers. First off, the 2.0L I4 gave way to a new 110 hp 2.2L (134 cid) I4, and the Z24's 2.8L V6 gave way to the new 140 hp 3.1L (191 cid) V6. Both engines were available with a 5-speed manual, and the Z24 now had an optional 4-speed automatic (the I4 still had a 3-speed unit). The Z24 convertible was dropped (temporarily), and all models received shoulder-mounted seat belts for the rear seats. In 1991, all models got a new front clip that eliminated the grille with a slightly canted-back body-colored panel. Base models were now known as '''VL''' (value leader) models, '''RS''' models were now the mid-grade, and the Z24 was still the top-of-the-line. Dashboards were all new, and now all models shared the same dash - no more digital units. Z24s could now have a single paint color, and all convertibles were now RS models. The Z24 convertible was reinstated for 1992, and anti-lock brakes were standard on all models - those were about the only noteworthy changes. 1993 models stood pretty much still, but 1994 I4 models got another 10 hp boost to 120 in 1994 and all models gained power door locks as standard. Even though the 1st gen Cavalier was finally in its last year, it still managed to sell a grand total of 254,426 examples - not bad for a 13-year-old design.

==Main Competitors==
*[[Acura Integra]]
*[[Dodge Colt]]
*[[Dodge Omni]]
*[[Dodge Shadow]]
*[[Eagle Summit]]
*[[Ford Escort]]
*[[Honda Civic]]
*[[Hyundai Excel]]
*[[Mazda 323]]/[[Mazda Protege|Protege]]
*[[Mercury Lynx]]/[[Mercury Tracer|Tracer]]
*[[Mitsubishi Mirage]]
*[[Nissan Sentra]]
*[[Plymouth Colt]]
*[[Plymouth Horizon]]
*[[Plymouth Sundance]]
*[[Subaru]] GL
*[[Toyota Corolla]]
*[[Volkswagen Rabbit]]/[[Volkswagen Golf|Golf]]

{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style="float:right; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:250px; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #999; font-size:83%; line-height:1.5; " summary="Infobox Automobile"
|- style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| colspan=2 style="padding:0; background:#996; color:#fff; border-bottom:1px solid #999;" | [[Image:Chevroletavalier50.jpg|300px]]
|- style="color:#fff; background:#996; font-size:larger;"
! colspan=2 | '''Chevrolet Cavalier'''
|-
! colspan=2 style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; background:#ddb;" | [[Chevrolet]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Production
| 1995-2005
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Class
| Subcompact
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Body Style
| 2-Door Coupe 2-Door Convertible 4-Door Sedan
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Length
| 180.9"
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Width
| 68.7"
|- style="vertical-align:top;
| Height
| 53"
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Wheelbase
| 104.1"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Weight
| 2500-2800 lbs
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Transmission
| 5-Speed Manual, FWD 4-Speed Automatic, FWD
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Engine
| 2.2L (134 cid) I4 2.4L (138 cid) I4
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Power
| 120-150 hp
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Similar
| [[Pontiac Sunfire]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Platform
| J
|}

==2nd Generation (1995-2005)==

The second Cavalier was wider and rode on a longer 104.1-inch wheelbase than the car it replaced, and was a bit longer overall. It was also roomier on the inside and far sleeker on the outside. But at its core it was very much the same car as before; still a simple front driver built around a simple unibody incorporating a MacPherson strut front suspension and a solid rear axle on coil springs in the back. The nose was still grille-less, and the 5-door wagon, convertible and V6 engine were now gone - a 2-door coupe and 4-door sedan would be the only bodystyles, although a convertible would return a year later. The previous 120 hp 2.2L I4 carried over from the previous generation and was the base engine in base '''LS''' models. The Z24 continued, but its sole engine was now an enlarged 150 hp DOHC 2.4L (138 cid) "Quad Four", and this was also optional on the LS. Z24s now had P205/55R16 Goodyear Eagle RS-A tires. A 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic could be had with any engine. Dual airbags were now standard. 151,669 Cavaliers were sold in 1995.

Not many changes in 1996 other than standard Daytime Running Lamps and the convertible returning after a year's hiatus, available as either an LS or Z24. 1997s were pretty much a carryover as well, and the only real change in 1998 was that the LS convertible was dropped - all convertibles were now Z24s. Except for limited production of a "bi-fuel" Cavalier that ran on either gasoline or compressed natural gas, little changed for the line during 1999 either. 2000 models got a new updated dashboard with all-new sound systems, and the Z24 got a larger, more aggressive rear spoiler. The convertible would be gone for good in 2001, and for 2002, the base 2.2 and 2.4 I4 would be redesigned to GM's all-new Ecotec design, which changed the 2.2 from an OHV to an OHC design. Horsepower remained 120 on the 2.2, but the "Quad four" 2.4 would be dropped and replaced by the 140hp 2.2 DOHC Ecotec engine. A revised nose with a small horizontally-slatted grille and a new taillight panel that stretched all the way across the rear of the car were minor changes for 2003, and the Z24 would bid its final adieu this year - there were now base, LS and LS Sport (a quasi-replacement for the Z24). A "Sport Appearance Package" that looked just like the old Z24 was available on 2- and 4-door models was an addition for 2004, and could have either the 2.2 or 2.4 engine with either transmission. The "bi-fuel" option was quietly dropped for 2005 - that was about it for the Cavalier's swan song year, most of which were now relegated to fleet sales.

The Cavalier would be replaced by the [[Chevrolet Cobalt|Cobalt]], which was introduced in 2005.

==Main Competitors==
*[[Acura Integra]]/[[Acura RSX|RSX]]
*[[Dodge Neon]]
*[[Eagle Summit]]
*[[Ford Escort]]/[[Ford Focus|Focus]]
*[[Honda Civic]]
*[[Hyundai Accent]]
*[[Kia Sephia]]
*[[Mazda 323]]/[[Mazda Protege|Protege]]
*[[Mercury Tracer]]
*[[Mitsubishi Mirage]]
*[[Nissan Sentra]]
*[[Plymouth Neon]]
*[[Subaru Impreza]]
*[[Toyota Corolla]]
*[[Volkswagen Golf]]

==See Also==
{{Chevrolet}}

==External Links==

Badge Engineering

2008-08-02T15:29:16Z

69.136.96.119:

'''Badge engineering''' is the practice of selling one car model under two different makes, usually with different model names. Sometimes, the model names are the same, or there may even be two versions of the same model sold by one marque. Badge engineering is often used to sell more luxurious versions of the same model by different marques owned by the same company. It also sometimes involves a partnership between two parent companies. Sometimes, one model is sold under a different name in different countries, or at least the same name under different makes. It could be considered badge engineering when a model is renamed without being redesigned. The differences between the models is often limited to the grille, rims, and trim names. However, the headlights or taillights may be different in some cases.

Examples:
[[Chevrolet Silverado]] and [[GMC Sierra]]

[[Ford Crown Victoria]] and [[Mercury Grand Marquis]]

[[Dodge Caravan]], [[Plymouth Voyager]], and [[Chrysler Town and Country]]

Unusual examples:
[[GMC Jimmy]] and [[GMC Envoy]] (the two are the same make)

[[Dodge Neon]] and [[Plymouth Neon]] (both makes use the same model name)

[[Nissan Quest]] and [[Mercury Villager]] (the two makes are owned by different companies)

[[Pontiac Trans Sport]] and [[Pontiac Montana]] (the Trans Sport was renamed the Montana).

Geo

2008-08-02T15:24:31Z

69.136.96.119:

{{List of Geo Models}}'''Geo''' was a brand of economy cars introduced by GM in 1989. It was not considered its own make, but part of [[Chevrolet]]. It offered five models in all, which were all produced by either [[Suzuki]], [[Toyota]], or [[Isuzu]], as the brand was intended to compete with Japanese imports. The name was discontinued in 1997, but its models were still produced and sold under the Chevrolet name starting in 1998.

== Models ==
=== Metro ===
[[Image:Geometro.jpg|thumb|150px|left|1994 Geo Metro]]
[[Geo Metro|Metro]] was a subcompact car based on the [[Suzuki Swift]] available as either a three or five door [[hatchback]], four door [[notchback]], or less commonly as a [[convertible]]. The Metro's primary powerplant was a 1.0 liter, 3 cylinder engine. There was also a larger 4-cylinder engine available. It had very high MPG, and the first generation models got 53 city, 58 highway. It was introduced in 1989, redesigned in 1995, and renamed the Chevrolet Metro in 1998. The hatchback model was discontinued in 2000, but the sedan lasted until 2001.

=== Prizm ===
[[Image:1996geoprizm.jpg|thumb|150px|right|1996 Geo Prizm]]
[[Geo Prizm|Prizm]] was a compact four door [[sedan]] based on the [[Toyota Corolla]]. While the Prizm consistantly won awards from the auto industry (including having the honor of being a Consumer's Digest Best Buy), it was always outsold by the Corolla, likely due to the perceived higher value of the [[Toyota]] brand. Additionally, Prizm had an akward position in [[Chevrolet|Chevrolet]]'s lineup, as it had to compete with a car it stared across the lot at: the [[Chevrolet Cavalier|Cavalier]]. Being in the same class as [[Chevrolet Cavalier|Cavalier]], [[Chevrolet|Chevrolet]] took the approch of marketing Cavalier as a "premium entry level sedan" while marketing Prizm as an "entry level compact sedan." Towards the end however, Prizm became more or less a redundancy in [[Chevrolet|Chevrolet]]'s lineup, which likely led to its demise. It was introduced in 1990, redesigned in 1993, and redesigned again in 1998, when it was renamed the Chevrolet Prizm. It was discontinued in 2002.

=== Spectrum ===
[[Image:1989geospectrum.jpg|thumb|150px|left|1989 Geo Spectrum]]
[[Geo Spectrum|Spectrum]] was a short-lived compact one step up from the Metro, based on the [[Isuzu I-Mark]]. The Spectrum was previously sold as a [[Chevrolet|Chevrolet]] model from 1985 to 1988. It was renamed the Geo Spectrum for 1989 but discontinued at the end of 1989. This was because it was built in Japan by Isuzu, who discontinued the I-Mark.

=== Storm ===
[[Image:800px-StormGSI1990.jpg|thumb|150px|right|1990 Geo Storm]]
[[Geo Storm|Storm]] was a sporty [[coupe]], loosely based on the Isuzu Impulse, available in either a two door [[fastback]] configuration, or as a [[station wagon]], which Geo oddly marketed as a hatchback. The suspension was provided by [[Lotus]], which was owned by GM at the time. Storm entered Geo's lineup in 1990, and made a quick departure in 1993 despite strong sales. This was due in part to Isuzu discontinuing their non-truck vehicles. GM also sold off Lotus in 1993, which it had owned since 1986.

=== Tracker ===
[[Image:1997geotracker.jpg|thumb|200px|left|1997 Geo Tracker]]
[[Geo Tracker|Tracker]] was a light [[SUV]], based on the [[Suzuki Sidekick]], which itself was a replacement for the highly criticized [[Suzuki Samurai]]. The Tracker was a part of the original Geo lineup from 1989, and was the longest running model. It was renamed the Chevrolet Tracker in 1998, and redesigned in 1999. Starting in 1999, the Sidekick became the Vitara. The Chevrolet Tracker was discontinued in 2004. Tracker was available in either a convertible or hardtop configuration, with either two or four seats. The buyer had the option of either a 2x2 drive setup, or optional 4-wheel drive. Geo touted Tracker as a versitile vehicle, being either an around town runabout, or a rugged off road vehicle. However, Tracker's high center of gravity coupled with its tall profile made it particularly prone to rollover, especially in earlier years. The
{{-}}
==In Popular Culture==
''The Simpsons'' - Ned Flanders drives a red Metro

''Big Trouble'' - Elliot Arnold (played by Tim Allen) drives a yellow Metro. His son makes many wise cracks about it during the film, and its small size was parodied when the whole family is crammed into it when they chase a stolen cop car.

==See Also==
{{Geo}}

==External links==
*[http://dmoz.org/Recreation/Autos/Makes_and_Models/Geo/ Category at ODP]
*[http://www.canadiandriver.com/articles/jc/90-98tracker.htm 1990-1998 [[Chevrolet|Chevrolet]] and Geo Tracker in Canadian Driver's used car review]
*[http://www.vmrintl.com/reviews/Geo_prizm_93-97.htm 1993-1997 Geo Prizm review]
*[http://www.canadiandriver.com/articles/jc/95-00metro.htm 1995-2000 [[Chevrolet|Chevrolet]] and Geo Metro in Canadian Driver's used car review]

[[Category:Makes]]
[[Category:Defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States]]
[[Category:General Motors]]
[[Category:Geo]]

Geo

2008-08-02T15:23:16Z

69.136.96.119:

{{List of Geo Models}}'''Geo''' was a brand of economy cars introduced by GM in 1989. It was not considered its own make, but part of [[Chevrolet]]. It offered five models in all, which were all produced by either [[Suzuki]], [[Toyota]], or [[Isuzu]], as the brand was intended to compete with Japanese imports. The name was discontinued in 1997, but its models were still produced and sold under the Chevrolet name starting in 1998.

== Models ==
=== Metro ===
[[Image:Geometro.jpg|thumb|150px|left|1994 Geo Metro]]
[[Geo Metro|Metro]] was a subcompact car based on the [[Suzuki Swift]] available as either a three or five door [[hatchback]], four door [[notchback]], or less commonly as a [[convertible]]. The Metro's primary powerplant was a 1.0 liter, 3 cylinder engine. There was also a larger 4-cylinder engine available. It had very high MPG, and the first generation models got 53 city, 58 highway. It was introduced in 1989, redesigned in 1995, and renamed the Chevrolet Metro in 1998. The hatchback model was discontinued in 2000, but the sedan lasted until 2001.

=== Prizm ===
[[Image:1996geoprizm.jpg|thumb|150px|right|1996 Geo Prizm]]
[[Geo Prizm|Prizm]] was a compact four door [[sedan]] based on the [[Toyota Corolla]]. While the Prizm consistantly won awards from the auto industry (including having the honor of being a Consumer's Digest Best Buy), it was always outsold by the Corolla, likely due to the perceived higher value of the [[Toyota]] brand. Additionally, Prizm had an akward position in [[Chevrolet|Chevrolet]]'s lineup, as it had to compete with a car it stared across the lot at: the [[Chevrolet Cavalier|Cavalier]]. Being in the same class as [[Chevrolet Cavalier|Cavalier]], [[Chevrolet|Chevrolet]] took the approch of marketing Cavalier as a "premium entry level sedan" while marketing Prizm as an "entry level compact sedan." Towards the end however, Prizm became more or less a redundancy in [[Chevrolet|Chevrolet]]'s lineup, which likely led to its demise. It was introduced in 1990, redesigned in 1993, and redesigned again in 1998, when it was renamed the Chevrolet Prizm. It was discontinued in 2002.

=== Spectrum ===
[[Image:1989geospectrum.jpg|thumb|150px|left|1989 Geo Spectrum]]
[[Geo Spectrum|Spectrum]] was a short-lived compact one step up from the Metro, based on the [[Isuzu I-Mark]]. The Spectrum was previously sold as a [[Chevrolet|Chevrolet]] model from 1985 to 1988. It was renamed the Geo Spectrum for 1989 but discontinued at the end of 1989. This was because it was built in Japan by Isuzu, who discontinued the I-Mark.

=== Storm ===
[[Image:800px-StormGSI1990.jpg|thumb|150px|right|1990 Geo Storm]]
[[Geo Storm|Storm]] was a sporty [[coupe]], loosely based on the Isuzu Impulse, available in either a two door [[fastback]] configuration, or as a [[station wagon]], which Geo oddly marketed as a hatchback. The suspension was provided by [[Lotus]], which was owned by GM at the time. Storm entered Geo's lineup in 1990, and made a quick departure in 1993 despite strong sales. This was due in part to Isuzu discontinuing their non-truck vehicles. GM also sold off Lotus in 1993, which it had owned since 1986.

=== Tracker ===
[[Image:1997geotracker.jpg|thumb|200px|left|1997 Geo Tracker]]
[[Geo Tracker|Tracker]] was a light [[SUV]], based on the [[Suzuki Sidekick]], which itself was a replacement for the highly criticized [[Suzuki Samurai]]. The Tracker was a part of the original Geo lineup from 1989, and was the longest running model. It was renamed the Chevrolet Tracker in 1998, and redesigned in 1999. Starting in 1999, the Sidekick became the Vitara. Tracker was available in either a convertible or hardtop configuration, with either two or four seats. The buyer had the option of either a 2x2 drive setup, or optional 4-wheel drive. Geo touted Tracker as a versitile vehicle, being either an around town runabout, or a rugged off road vehicle. However, Tracker's high center of gravity coupled with its tall profile made it particularly prone to rollover, especially in earlier years.
{{-}}
==In Popular Culture==
''The Simpsons'' - Ned Flanders drives a red Metro

''Big Trouble'' - Elliot Arnold (played by Tim Allen) drives a yellow Metro. His son makes many wise cracks about it during the film, and its small size was parodied when the whole family is crammed into it when they chase a stolen cop car.

==See Also==
{{Geo}}

==External links==
*[http://dmoz.org/Recreation/Autos/Makes_and_Models/Geo/ Category at ODP]
*[http://www.canadiandriver.com/articles/jc/90-98tracker.htm 1990-1998 [[Chevrolet|Chevrolet]] and Geo Tracker in Canadian Driver's used car review]
*[http://www.vmrintl.com/reviews/Geo_prizm_93-97.htm 1993-1997 Geo Prizm review]
*[http://www.canadiandriver.com/articles/jc/95-00metro.htm 1995-2000 [[Chevrolet|Chevrolet]] and Geo Metro in Canadian Driver's used car review]

[[Category:Makes]]
[[Category:Defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States]]
[[Category:General Motors]]
[[Category:Geo]]

Geo

2008-08-02T15:18:43Z

69.136.96.119:

{{List of Geo Models}}'''Geo''' was a brand of economy cars introduced by GM in 1989. It was not considered its own make, but part of [[Chevrolet]]. It offered five models in all, which were all produced by either [[Suzuki]], [[Toyota]], or [[Isuzu]], as the brand was intended to compete with Japanese imports. The name was discontinued in 1997, but its models were still produced and sold under the Chevrolet name starting in 1998.

== Models ==
=== Metro ===
[[Image:Geometro.jpg|thumb|150px|left|1994 Geo Metro]]
[[Geo Metro|Metro]] was a subcompact car based on the [[Suzuki Swift]] available as either a three or five door [[hatchback]], four door [[notchback]], or less commonly as a [[convertible]]. The Metro's primary powerplant was a 1.0 liter, 3 cylinder engine. There was also a larger 4-cylinder engine available. It had very high MPG, and the first generation models got 53 city, 58 highway. It was introduced in 1989, redesigned in 1995, and renamed the Chevrolet Metro in 1998. The hatchback model was discontinued in 2000, but the sedan lasted until 2001.

=== Prizm ===
[[Image:1996geoprizm.jpg|thumb|150px|right|1996 Geo Prizm]]
[[Geo Prizm|Prizm]] was a compact four door [[sedan]] based on the [[Toyota Corolla]]. While the Prizm consistantly won awards from the auto industry (including having the honor of being a Consumer's Digest Best Buy), it was always outsold by the Corolla, likely due to the perceived higher value of the [[Toyota]] brand. Additionally, Prizm had an akward position in [[Chevrolet|Chevrolet]]'s lineup, as it had to compete with a car it stared across the lot at: the [[Chevrolet Cavalier|Cavalier]]. Being in the same class as [[Chevrolet Cavalier|Cavalier]], [[Chevrolet|Chevrolet]] took the approch of marketing Cavalier as a "premium entry level sedan" while marketing Prizm as an "entry level compact sedan." Towards the end however, Prizm became more or less a redundancy in [[Chevrolet|Chevrolet]]'s lineup, which likely led to its demise. It was introduced in 1990, redesigned in 1993, and redesigned again in 1998, when it was renamed the Chevrolet Prizm. It was discontinued in 2002.

=== Spectrum ===
[[Image:1989geospectrum.jpg|thumb|150px|left|1989 Geo Spectrum]]
[[Geo Spectrum|Spectrum]] was a short-lived compact one step up from the Metro, based on the [[Isuzu I-Mark]]. The Spectrum was previously sold as a [[Chevrolet|Chevrolet]] model from 1985 to 1988. It was renamed the Geo Spectrum for 1989 but discontinued at the end of 1989. This was because it was built in Japan by Isuzu, who discontinued the I-Mark.

=== Storm ===
[[Image:800px-StormGSI1990.jpg|thumb|150px|right|1990 Geo Storm]]
[[Geo Storm|Storm]] was a sporty [[coupe]], based on the Isuzu Impulse, available in either a two door [[fastback]] configuration, or as a [[station wagon]], which Geo oddly marketed as a hatchback. It had a [[Lotus]] suspension. GM owned Lotus from 1986 to 1993. Storm entered Geo's lineup in 1990, and made a quick departure in 1993 despite strong sales. This was due in part to Isuzu discontinuing their non-truck vehicles.

=== Tracker ===
[[Image:1997geotracker.jpg|thumb|200px|left|1997 Geo Tracker]]
[[Geo Tracker|Tracker]] was a light [[SUV]], based on the [[Suzuki Sidekick]], which itself was a replacement for the highly criticized [[Suzuki Samurai]]. The Tracker was a part of the original Geo lineup from 1989, and was the longest running model. It was renamed the Chevrolet Tracker in 1998, but it was redesigned in 1999. Starting in 1999, the Sidekick was renamed the Vitara. Tracker was available in either a convertible or hardtop configuration, with either two or four seats. The buyer had the option of either a 2x2 drive setup, or optional 4-wheel drive. Geo touted Tracker as a versitile vehicle, being either an around town runabout, or a rugged off road vehicle. However, Tracker's high center of gravity coupled with its tall profile made it particularly prone to rollover, especially in earlier years.
{{-}}
==In Popular Culture==
''The Simpsons'' - Ned Flanders drives a red Metro

''Big Trouble'' - Elliot Arnold (played by Tim Allen) drives a yellow Metro. His son makes many wise cracks about it during the film, and its small size was parodied when the whole family is crammed into it when they chase a stolen cop car.

==See Also==
{{Geo}}

==External links==
*[http://dmoz.org/Recreation/Autos/Makes_and_Models/Geo/ Category at ODP]
*[http://www.canadiandriver.com/articles/jc/90-98tracker.htm 1990-1998 [[Chevrolet|Chevrolet]] and Geo Tracker in Canadian Driver's used car review]
*[http://www.vmrintl.com/reviews/Geo_prizm_93-97.htm 1993-1997 Geo Prizm review]
*[http://www.canadiandriver.com/articles/jc/95-00metro.htm 1995-2000 [[Chevrolet|Chevrolet]] and Geo Metro in Canadian Driver's used car review]

[[Category:Makes]]
[[Category:Defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States]]
[[Category:General Motors]]
[[Category:Geo]]

Chrysler-Plymouth

2008-08-02T01:03:19Z

69.136.96.119: This page was copied from Wikipedia. I rewrote it.

[[Chrysler]] and [[Plymouth]] were both divisions of the Chrysler Corporation. In marketing, the two brands were collectively known as the Chrysler-Plymouth division. All dealerships that sold one of these brands also sold the other. The [[Dodge]] brand was considered its own division. In 1987, Chrysler acquired [[American Motors]], and the [[Jeep]]-[[Eagle]] division was created. However, there was much overlap between the divisions, especially after the takeover of AMC. Many Chrysler-Plymouth dealerships also added Jeep. Some dealerships sold all five makes, or sometimes all except Eagle. Chrysler Corporation has changed a lot since these divisions were created. In 1998, Eagle was discontinued, and Chrysler merged with Daimler-Benz to form [[DaimlerChrysler]]. Plymouth was discontinued in 2001. Also, many of these divisions have undergone a change in logo and overall image. The pentastar, the logo of the Chrysler Corporation, has been phased out. However, in 2007, DaimlerChrysler was split again. The separate companies are now called Daimler AG and Chrysler LLC, respectively. Chrysler LLC now uses the pentastar as its logo, as part of its "The New Chrysler" marketing campaign.

[[Category:Makes]]
{{auto-company-stub}}

Chrysler-Plymouth

2008-08-02T00:59:29Z

69.136.96.119:

[[Chrysler]] and [[Plymouth]] were both divisions of the Chrysler Corporation. In marketing, the two brands were collectively known as the Chrysler-Plymouth division. All dealerships that sold one of these brands also sold the other. The [[Dodge]] brand was considered its own division. In 1987, Chrysler acquired [[American Motors]], and the [[Jeep]]-[[Eagle]] division was created. However, there was much overlap between the divisions, especially after the takeover of AMC. Many Chrysler-Plymouth dealerships also added Jeep. Some dealerships sold all five makes, or sometimes all except Eagle. Chrysler Corporation has changed a lot since these divisions were created. In 1998, Eagle was discontinued, and Chrysler merged with Daimler-Benz to form [[DaimlerChrysler]]. Plymouth was discontinued in 2001. Also, many of these divisions have undergone a change in logo and overall image. The pentastar, the logo of the Chrysler Corporation, has been phased out. However, in 2007, DaimlerChrysler was split again. The pentastar has been reintroduced as the corporate logo.

[[Category:Makes]]
{{auto-company-stub}}

Hino Motors

2008-08-02T00:24:58Z

69.136.96.119:

{{List of {{PAGENAME}} Models}}
'''Hino Motors, Ltd.''' (日野自動車, ''Hino Jidōsha'', 7205 ), commonly known as simply Hino, is a manufacturer of [[diesel]] [[trucks]], [[buses]], and other vehicles based in Tokyo, Japan. For the last 32 years the company has been the leading producer of medium and heavy-duty diesel trucks in Japan. It is owned by [[Toyota]].

==History==

The company traces its roots back to the founding of Tokyo Gas Industry Company in 1910 (today it is two companies; Tokyo Gas Company and Tokyo Electric Power; TG&E). It produced its first motor vehicle in 1913, the Model TGE "A-Type" truck. In 1937 TG&E merged its automobile division with that of Automobile Industry Co., Ltd. and Kyodo Kokusan K.K. to form Tokyo Automobile Industry Co., Ltd., with TG&E as a shareholder. Four years later the company changed its name to Diesel Motor Industry Co., Ltd. which would eventually become [[Isuzu|Isuzu Motors Limited]].

The following year (1942), the new entity of Hino Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. spun itself out from Diesel Motor Industry Co., Ltd., and the Hino name was born. Following the end of World War II, the company had to stop producing large diesel engines for marine applications, and with the signing of the treaty, the company dropped the "Heavy" from its name and formally concentrated on the heavy-duty trailer-trucks, buses and [[diesel engine]]s markets, as Hino Industry Co., Ltd.

To sharpen its marketing focus to customers, in 1948, the company added the name "Diesel" to become Hino Diesel Industry Co., Ltd.

In 1953, Hino entered the private car market by manufacturing [[Renault]]s under licence, and in 1961 it started building its own Contessa 900 sedan with an 893cc rear-mounted engine. The Italian stylist Michelotti redesigned the Contessa line in 1964 with a 1300cc rear-mounted engine. This developed 60hp (44 kW) in the sedan and 70hp (51kW) in the [[coupé]] version. However, Hino ceased private car production very quickly in 1967 after joining the Toyota group.

==Products==
===Trucks===

* Profia (previously Super Dolphin Profia), sold as Hino 700 for export - heavy duty truck

* Bonneted medium truck (for North America)

* [[Hino Dutro|Dutro]] - light truck, rebadged [[Toyota Dyna]]

* FB, FC - light trucks replaced by Dutro

* [[Hino Ranger|Ranger]] - also sold as Hino 500, medium to heavy truck
** The Ranger KL was first introduced in 1969
** The 2nd generation was launched in 1980
** The 3rd generation of 1989 is called Rising Ranger
** The latest 4th generation (Ranger Pro) came in 2002

:Hino has been competed in Dakar Rally since 1991 with Ranger '''FT''' 4WD truck driven by the Japanese rally driver, Yoshimasa Sugawara. He always finished in the Top 10 in Camion Category, and 1st in the category in the 1997 event.

===Buses===

* Poncho - Non Step light bus
* Liesse & Liesse II - light bus
** The Liesse II is a rebadged [[Toyota Coaster]].
* Blue Ribbon - city bus
* Rainbow - medium bus
* Melpha - medium bus
* S'elega - luxury bus
** The new model is offered as High Decker and Super High Decker.
* Front-engine chassis (e.g. FB) - light bus
* Front-engine chassis (AK) - big bus
* Rear-engine chassis (RG, RM, RK) - big bus

===Others===
* [[Toyota FJ Cruiser]] - assembled by Hino, Hamura plant
* [[Toyota Briska]] - mostly engineered by Hino
* [[Toyota Hilux]] - mostly engineered by Hino
* [[Toyota Publica]] Van / Pic - assembled by Hino (1968 - 1978 ?)
* [[Toyota Carina]] Van - assembled by Hino (1970 - 1981 ?)
* [[Toyota Hilux Surf]] (4Runner) - assembled by Hino
* [[Toyota T100]] - designed and assembled by Hino
* [[Toyota Tacoma]] - mostly engineered by Hino, latest Tacoma also styled by Hino
* [[Toyota Tundra]] and [[Toyota Sequoia]] - partially designed and engineered by Hino engineers
* Contessa, passenger car built in 1960s

==Affiliates/Subsidiaries==
*Hino Motors Manufacturing U.S.A
*Hino Motors Sales U.S.A.

==External links==
* [http://www.hino.co.jp/e/ Company website] (English)
* [http://www.hino.co.jp/j/ Company website] (Japanese)
* [http://www.hinopak.com/ Hinopak Motors Limited]
* [http://www.hino.com/ Hino U.S.A]
* [http://www.hino.co.id/ Hino Indonesia]
*[http://www.HinoSamurai.org/ HinoSamurai.org]（Research Center of Historic and Exisiting Hino Contessa & Hino Samurai Cars, English and Japanese）

[[Category:Bus manufacturers]]
[[Category:Makes]]
[[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers of Japan]]
[[Category:Toyota]]