Wikicars - User contributions [en]

Hulme F1

2007-09-24T16:32:59Z

Dan Barret:

{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style="float:right; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:250px; background:#fff; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #999; font-size:83%; line-height:1.5; " summary="Infobox Automobile"
|- style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| colspan=2 style="padding:0; background:#996; color:#fff; border-bottom:1px solid #999;" | [[Image:http://www.seriouswheels.com/stuv/Supercars-Limited-Hulme-F1-Champion-1967-SA-Top-1024x768.htm]]
|- style="color:#fff; background:#996; font-size:larger;"
! colspan=2 | '''Hulme F1'''
|-
! colspan=2 style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; background:#ddb;" | [[Hulme]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| aka
|
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Class
| [[Supercar]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Length
| 4612 mm - 181.5 inch
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Width
| 1958 mm - 77.08 inch
|- style="vertical-align:top;
| Height
| 1095 mm - 43.09 inch
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Wheelbase
| 2830 mm - 111.41 inch
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Weight
| 2643 lbs
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Transmission
| 6 Speed Sequential
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Engine
| 5 liter BMW M5 V8
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Power
| 450 hp
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Similar
| [[Koenigsegg CCX]] [[Saleen S7]] [[Bugatti Veyron|Bugatti Veyron 16.4]] [[Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren]] [[McLaren F1]] [[Lamborghini Murciélago]] [[Pagani Zonda]] [[Maserati MC12]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#f0f0f0;"
| Design Coordenator
| [[Tony Parker]]
|}

Toyota GT-One

2007-09-23T20:29:46Z

Dan Barret:

{{Racing car
|Car_name=Toyota GT-One
|Logo=[[Image:Toyota svg.svg|150px|Toyota Motor Corporation logo]]
|Category=[[Le Mans Prototype|LMGTP]]
|Constructor=[[Toyota Motor Corporation]]
|Designer=[[Andre de Cortanze]]
|Team=[[Toyota]]
|Drivers=
|Chassis=[[Carbon fiber]] and [[aluminum]] honeycomb [[monocoque]]
|Front suspension=[[Independent suspension|Independent]] [[Double wishbone suspension|double wishbone]] pushrod system
|Rear suspension=[[Independent suspension|Independent]] [[Double wishbone suspension|double wishbone]] pushrod system
|Engine name=[[Toyota]]
|Capacity=3.6 liter
|Configuration=90-degree [[V8]]
|Turbo/NA=[[twin-turbo]],
|Engine position=[[RMR layout|mid]], [[longitudinal engine|longitudinally mounted]]
|Gearbox name=[[Toyota Team Europe|TTE]]
|Gears=6-speed
|Type=[[sequential manual transmission|sequential manual]]
|Differential=
|Tyres=[[Michelin]] radial
|Fuel=
|Debut=
|Races=
|Wins=
|Cons_champ=
|Drivers_champ=
|Poles=
|Fastest_laps=
}}

The '''Toyota GT-One''' (also known in Japan as the '''Toyota TS020''') was a [[racing car]] initially developed as a [[racing car]] for [[grand tourer|grand touring]] style rules, but later adapted into a [[Le Mans prototype]]. It raced in the 1998 [[24 Hours of Le Mans|1998]] and 1999 [[24 Hours of Le Mans]].

== History ==

Following the end of the [[Group C]] era around 1994, [[Toyota]] decided to alter its plans in [[sports car racing]] by moving to the production-based GT classes for 1995. Toyota decided to approach this in two ways by using two different styles of car for competition. The first was a heavily modified [[Toyota Supra]], referred to as the Supra LM, which would use a turbocharged inline-4. The second entry was a custom built car designed specifically to be a racing car, yet required a small number of production cars for sale in order to meet homologation regulations. This car was modified heavily from the [[Toyota MR2]], and became known as the SARD MC8-R. The MC8-R would use a custom built Toyota turbocharged V8. While the Supra performed admirably in 1995, the MC8-R would appear superior for 1996. With development of high powered supercars for the GT classes at the time, Toyota decided that a car similar to the MC8-R, which was intended as a race car first, would be better suited to continuing Toyota's development of a GT car. Thus Toyota announced they would skip the [[1997 24 Hours of Le Mans]] to be able to develop their new GT car for 1998.

[[Image:Toyota_GTOne_01.jpg|left|thumb|A Toyota GT-One in testing.]]

Turning to Toyota's European arm based in [[Cologne, Germany]], [[Toyota Team Europe]] (TTE) was charged with development of the new GT car. With taking the one-year hiatus, TTE was able to look at what the competition was developing for the GT class, and exploit it to their benefit. In 1997, both the [[Mercedes-Benz CLK GTR]] and the [[Porsche 911 GT1]] were dominant cars in their class that exploited loop holes in the rules in place at the time. Each car was a custom built super car of which only a small handful of production cars were built to homologate it. TTE realized that they would actually only need to build a single production car in order to meet homologation regulations, thus allowing TTE to have a car that would never truly be sold to a customer, meaning that any driver luxuries could be left out.

Second, Toyota learned about a loophole which [[Mercedes-Benz]] had exploited. All GT based cars were required to have storage space, capable of holding a standard sized suitcase, in order for the car to be considered not only production based, but usable by the public. Mercedes exploited this by putting a small cubby hole into an unused area underneath the rear bodywork, although it was not as easy to access as a normal trunk. Toyota, in their interpretation of the rules, were able to convince [[Automobile Club de l'Ouest]] (ACO) officials that the car's fuel tank, normally empty when the car is scrutineered before the race, was allowable as a trunk space since it could, theoretically, hold a suitcase.

With these loopholes in place, TTE was able to set out in laying-out the GT-One. TTE designed and manufactured the car's [[carbon fiber]] chassis and bodywork in-house, while [[Toyota]] supplied an upgraded version of the engine they originally used on their Group C cars, the R36V 3.6L Turbo V8.

TTE also developed the lone GT-One road car, painted red and fitted with a basic interior, and it was quickly put into a museum in Japan, having served the purpose of merely existing.

==Racing results==

[[Image:Toyota_GT_One,_Le_Mans_1998.jpg|thumb|right|A GT-One leads the field at the [[1998 24 Hours of Le Mans]].]]

Introduced in time for Le Mans in 1998, the GT-One first appeared at the official testing days for the race held in May. Three GT-Ones appeared, setting the 2nd, 5th, and 10th best times, easily beating out custom built prototypes which were meant to be the superior class. For the race week itself, all three cars performed admirably in qualifying by continuing their quick pace, qualifying 2nd, 7th, and 8th, being beaten only by their GT class competitor, [[Mercedes-Benz]].

For the race itself, the GT-One unfortunately suffered. GT-One #28 suffered from a high speed accident halfway through the race, taking it out of competition. The two other entrants continued to fight on, both remaining in the top 10. However, within the closing hours, the higher ranked GT-One #29 suffered a gearbox failure while in competition for the race win. Thus Toyota was left to take 9th place in the race with the lone #27 entry, which ended the race 25 laps behind the winning [[Porsche 911 GT1]].

Following the success of the GT1 class as a whole over [[Le Mans prototype]]s, the ACO and [[FIA]] moved to change the regulations for the GT classes, requiring a large amount of production vehicles for the GT classes, thus eliminating the original loopholes in the system. Thus Toyota was forced to make changes to the GT-One, as were all its competitors in the class. [[Mercedes-Benz]] opted to evolve their [[Mercedes-Benz CLK GTR|CLK-GTR]] into the new custom built [[Mercedes-Benz CLR|CLR]] in the closed cockpit GTP class, while [[Nissan]] and [[Panoz]] opted for open cockpit LMPs. [[Porsche]] dropped out of competition altogether. Newcomer Audi decided to build cars for both the GTP and LMP classes, while BMW continued in the LMP class as before. Toyota decided to follow the route of Mercedes and evolve the GT-One into a GTP class prototype. Although the CLK-GTR required extensive modifications to become the CLR, the GT-One was already close enough to a prototype that extensive redesign was not needed.

Toyota began an extensive testing program, including a long distance test at [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps]] in [[Belgium]] soon after a snowfall. In the official testing session at Le Mans, the GT-Ones were again fast, taking the 1st, 3rd, and 5th fastest lap times. This pace continued in qualifying for the race, as the three GT-Ones took 1st, 2nd, and 8th positions.

[[Image:1999_Toyota_TS020_01.jpg|thumb|A GT-One on display.]]

Throughout the race the GT-Ones battled for the lead, having it switch multiple times amongst the top competitors. Unfortunately the GT-One was suffering from failures of its [[Michelin]] tires throughout the race, mostly caused by sharp gravel which had been accidentally brought onto the racing surface by other cars. The design of the GT-One's wheel wells allowed for a blown tire to cause extensive damage to the mechanical linkages inside. Thus after only 90 laps the first GT-One was lost when it suffered an explosive tire puncture and was damaged beyond repair, unable to return to the pits and abandoned on the track. Halfway into the event, another GT-One was lost in a tire puncture that led to a high speed accident, destroying the car. This left the team with only car #3, which was still running at the top of the field. At this point a large amount of the competition had been eliminated, with all Mercedes out of the race due to their famous accident and withdrawal. Audi had also lost two of their four cars, and [[Nissan]] had lost their factory backed R391, although an older [[Courage Competition|Courage]] C52 campaigned by the team was still active. BMW and Panoz were the only teams continuing without major problems.

During the final hour of the race, the lone GT-One was leading the race, just ahead of a BMW and two Audis. While lapping traffic the GT-One suffered a tire failure, and was forced to slowly make its way around the track to return to the pits for a new set. In the process the GT-One lost the lead, and thus lost the race. The lone GT-One would come home 2nd overall, one lap behind the winning BMW. As a consolation prize, the GT-One would win the GTP class, although it was the only car in the class to actually finish.

The GT-One would race only once more, a single entrant appearing in the [[1999 Le Mans Fuji 1000km]]. Although the race mostly consisted of Japanese teams, thus leaving out most of the manufacturers that had competed at Le Mans, Toyota still had to compete against rival Nissan, who also entered their [[Nissan R391|R391]]. In the end the GT-One would fall short once again, finishing 2nd and only one lap behind the winning R391.

The GT-One program would not be continued into 2000, Toyota instead turning TTE into leaders of the new [[Toyota F1]] team. This would mark the end of Toyota's attempts at Le Mans, which had started in 1985.

The GT-One was sponsored by Marlboro in 1999 (Hence the white chevron with red body)despite the anti-tobacco laws in france which meant no Marlboro logos appeared on the car anywhere. In the first picture, you can see the Marlboro barcode which appeared on the Ferrari F1 cars during tobacco legislated grand prix. This didn't appear on the final race car either, though. Other sponsors included Esso, Michelin and ZENT.

== Chassis ==

A total of seven GT-Ones were built in total over the two years of the program. The first six were built in 1998, while the final chassis was built in 1999.

* LM801 - Developmental prototype, never raced.
* LM802 - 1998 24 Hours of Le Mans #29, later a test car.
* LM803 - Road legal version of the GT-One, on display in Europe.
* LM804 - 1998 24 Hours of Le Mans #28, 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans #3, later on display in Japan.
* LM805 - 1998 24 Hours of Le Mans #27, later a test car.
* LM806 - 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans #2.
* LM907 - 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans #1.

LM804 was not only the only car to race in both 24 Hours of Le Mans, but also the only car to finish either 24 Hours of Le Mans.

== Technical Data ==

[[Image:Goodwood2007-022 Toyota TS020 GT-One (1998).jpg|thumb|right|The engine bay of a GT-One.]]

;Engine: Toyota R36V, 3.6 Litre Twin-Turbo V8 (600 HP @ 6000 RPM, 479 lbf-ft @ 6000 RPM) - some sources claim the 1999 model to have had 700 HP
;Gearbox: TTE Six Speed Unsynchronized Sequential Manual transmission
;Suspension: Four-wheel independent, double wishbones front and rear
;Dimensions: 484 cm overall length, 200 cm overall width, 900 kg weight

The Toyota GT-One has been clocked at 345 km/h (214.28 mp/h) in practice on the Mulsanne Straight at Le Mans 1998 and even at 352 km/h (218.73 mp/h) at Le Mans 1999 test days and its actual top speed (with low downforce, as it was set up for Le Mans 1999) is somewhere around 380 km/h (236.13 mp/h).

== External links ==

{{commonscat|Toyota GT-One}}

*[http://www.carpages.co.uk/toyota/toyota-goodwood-festival-of-speed-17-03-05.asp Toyota Racing Icons]
*[http://tamiya.com/english/products/24222gt_one/020.htm Toyota GT-One model kit]
*[http://www.mulsannescorner.com/gtone.html Toyota GT-One specs and photos]
*[http://wspr-racing.com/chassis/grc/ChassisToyota.html GT-One chassis numbers and history]

{{Toyota Sportscar Racers}}

[[Category:Toyota vehicles|GT-One]]
[[Category:Le Mans Prototypes]]

==Notes and references==

==See Also==
{{Toyota}}
==External links==

Toyota GT-One

2007-09-23T20:20:25Z

Dan Barret: /* External links */

{{Racing car
|Car_name=Toyota GT-One
|Logo=[[Image:Toyota svg.svg|150px|Toyota Motor Corporation logo]]
|Category=[[Le Mans Prototype|LMGTP]]
|Constructor=[[Toyota Motor Corporation]]
|Designer=[[Andre de Cortanze]]
|Team=[[Toyota]]
|Drivers=
|Chassis=[[Carbon fiber]] and [[aluminum]] honeycomb [[monocoque]]
|Front suspension=[[Independent suspension|Independent]] [[Double wishbone suspension|double wishbone]] pushrod system
|Rear suspension=[[Independent suspension|Independent]] [[Double wishbone suspension|double wishbone]] pushrod system
|Engine name=[[Toyota]]
|Capacity=3.6 liter
|Configuration=90-degree [[V8]]
|Turbo/NA=[[twin-turbo]],
|Engine position=[[RMR layout|mid]], [[longitudinal engine|longitudinally mounted]]
|Gearbox name=[[Toyota Team Europe|TTE]]
|Gears=6-speed
|Type=[[sequential manual transmission|sequential manual]]
|Differential=
|Tyres=[[Michelin]] radial
|Fuel=
|Debut=
|Races=
|Wins=
|Cons_champ=
|Drivers_champ=
|Poles=
|Fastest_laps=
}}

The '''Toyota GT-One''' (also known in Japan as the '''Toyota TS020''') was a [[racing car]] initially developed as a [[racing car]] for [[grand tourer|grand touring]] style rules, but later adapted into a [[Le Mans prototype]]. It raced in the [[1998 24 Hours of Le Mans|1998]] and [[1999 24 Hours of Le Mans]].

== History ==

Following the end of the [[Group C]] era around 1994, [[Toyota]] decided to alter its plans in [[sports car racing]] by moving to the production-based GT classes for 1995. Toyota decided to approach this in two ways by using two different styles of car for competition. The first was a heavily modified [[Toyota Supra]], referred to as the Supra LM, which would use a turbocharged inline-4. The second entry was a custom built car designed specifically to be a racing car, yet required a small number of production cars for sale in order to meet homologation regulations. This car was modified heavily from the [[Toyota MR2]], and became known as the SARD MC8-R. The MC8-R would use a custom built Toyota turbocharged V8. While the Supra performed admirably in 1995, the MC8-R would appear superior for 1996. With development of high powered supercars for the GT classes at the time, Toyota decided that a car similar to the MC8-R, which was intended as a race car first, would be better suited to continuing Toyota's development of a GT car. Thus Toyota announced they would skip the [[1997 24 Hours of Le Mans]] to be able to develop their new GT car for 1998.

[[Image:Toyota_GTOne_01.jpg|left|thumb|A Toyota GT-One in testing.]]

Turning to Toyota's European arm based in [[Cologne, Germany]], [[Toyota Team Europe]] (TTE) was charged with development of the new GT car. With taking the one-year hiatus, TTE was able to look at what the competition was developing for the GT class, and exploit it to their benefit. In 1997, both the [[Mercedes-Benz CLK GTR]] and the [[Porsche 911 GT1]] were dominant cars in their class that exploited loop holes in the rules in place at the time. Each car was a custom built super car of which only a small handful of production cars were built to homologate it. TTE realized that they would actually only need to build a single production car in order to meet homologation regulations, thus allowing TTE to have a car that would never truly be sold to a customer, meaning that any driver luxuries could be left out.

Second, Toyota learned about a loophole which [[Mercedes-Benz]] had exploited. All GT based cars were required to have storage space, capable of holding a standard sized suitcase, in order for the car to be considered not only production based, but usable by the public. Mercedes exploited this by putting a small cubby hole into an unused area underneath the rear bodywork, although it was not as easy to access as a normal trunk. Toyota, in their interpretation of the rules, were able to convince [[Automobile Club de l'Ouest]] (ACO) officials that the car's fuel tank, normally empty when the car is scrutineered before the race, was allowable as a trunk space since it could, theoretically, hold a suitcase.

With these loopholes in place, TTE was able to set out in laying-out the GT-One. TTE designed and manufactured the car's [[carbon fiber]] chassis and bodywork in-house, while [[Toyota]] supplied an upgraded version of the engine they originally used on their Group C cars, the R36V 3.6L Turbo V8.

TTE also developed the lone GT-One road car, painted red and fitted with a basic interior, and it was quickly put into a museum in Japan, having served the purpose of merely existing.

==Racing results==

[[Image:Toyota_GT_One,_Le_Mans_1998.jpg|thumb|right|A GT-One leads the field at the [[1998 24 Hours of Le Mans]].]]

Introduced in time for Le Mans in 1998, the GT-One first appeared at the official testing days for the race held in May. Three GT-Ones appeared, setting the 2nd, 5th, and 10th best times, easily beating out custom built prototypes which were meant to be the superior class. For the race week itself, all three cars performed admirably in qualifying by continuing their quick pace, qualifying 2nd, 7th, and 8th, being beaten only by their GT class competitor, [[Mercedes-Benz]].

For the race itself, the GT-One unfortunately suffered. GT-One #28 suffered from a high speed accident halfway through the race, taking it out of competition. The two other entrants continued to fight on, both remaining in the top 10. However, within the closing hours, the higher ranked GT-One #29 suffered a gearbox failure while in competition for the race win. Thus Toyota was left to take 9th place in the race with the lone #27 entry, which ended the race 25 laps behind the winning [[Porsche 911 GT1]].

Following the success of the GT1 class as a whole over [[Le Mans prototype]]s, the ACO and [[FIA]] moved to change the regulations for the GT classes, requiring a large amount of production vehicles for the GT classes, thus eliminating the original loopholes in the system. Thus Toyota was forced to make changes to the GT-One, as were all its competitors in the class. [[Mercedes-Benz]] opted to evolve their [[Mercedes-Benz CLK GTR|CLK-GTR]] into the new custom built [[Mercedes-Benz CLR|CLR]] in the closed cockpit GTP class, while [[Nissan]] and [[Panoz]] opted for open cockpit LMPs. [[Porsche]] dropped out of competition altogether. Newcomer Audi decided to build cars for both the GTP and LMP classes, while BMW continued in the LMP class as before. Toyota decided to follow the route of Mercedes and evolve the GT-One into a GTP class prototype. Although the CLK-GTR required extensive modifications to become the CLR, the GT-One was already close enough to a prototype that extensive redesign was not needed.

Toyota began an extensive testing program, including a long distance test at [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps]] in [[Belgium]] soon after a snowfall. In the official testing session at Le Mans, the GT-Ones were again fast, taking the 1st, 3rd, and 5th fastest lap times. This pace continued in qualifying for the race, as the three GT-Ones took 1st, 2nd, and 8th positions.

[[Image:1999_Toyota_TS020_01.jpg|thumb|A GT-One on display.]]

Throughout the race the GT-Ones battled for the lead, having it switch multiple times amongst the top competitors. Unfortunately the GT-One was suffering from failures of its [[Michelin]] tires throughout the race, mostly caused by sharp gravel which had been accidentally brought onto the racing surface by other cars. The design of the GT-One's wheel wells allowed for a blown tire to cause extensive damage to the mechanical linkages inside. Thus after only 90 laps the first GT-One was lost when it suffered an explosive tire puncture and was damaged beyond repair, unable to return to the pits and abandoned on the track. Halfway into the event, another GT-One was lost in a tire puncture that led to a high speed accident, destroying the car. This left the team with only car #3, which was still running at the top of the field. At this point a large amount of the competition had been eliminated, with all Mercedes out of the race due to their famous accident and withdrawal. Audi had also lost two of their four cars, and [[Nissan]] had lost their factory backed R391, although an older [[Courage Competition|Courage]] C52 campaigned by the team was still active. BMW and Panoz were the only teams continuing without major problems.

During the final hour of the race, the lone GT-One was leading the race, just ahead of a BMW and two Audis. While lapping traffic the GT-One suffered a tire failure, and was forced to slowly make its way around the track to return to the pits for a new set. In the process the GT-One lost the lead, and thus lost the race. The lone GT-One would come home 2nd overall, one lap behind the winning BMW. As a consolation prize, the GT-One would win the GTP class, although it was the only car in the class to actually finish.

The GT-One would race only once more, a single entrant appearing in the [[1999 Le Mans Fuji 1000km]]. Although the race mostly consisted of Japanese teams, thus leaving out most of the manufacturers that had competed at Le Mans, Toyota still had to compete against rival Nissan, who also entered their [[Nissan R391|R391]]. In the end the GT-One would fall short once again, finishing 2nd and only one lap behind the winning R391.

The GT-One program would not be continued into 2000, Toyota instead turning TTE into leaders of the new [[Toyota F1]] team. This would mark the end of Toyota's attempts at Le Mans, which had started in 1985.

The GT-One was sponsored by Marlboro in 1999 (Hence the white chevron with red body)despite the anti-tobacco laws in france which meant no Marlboro logos appeared on the car anywhere. In the first picture, you can see the Marlboro barcode which appeared on the Ferrari F1 cars during tobacco legislated grand prix. This didn't appear on the final race car either, though. Other sponsors included Esso, Michelin and ZENT.

== Chassis ==

A total of seven GT-Ones were built in total over the two years of the program. The first six were built in 1998, while the final chassis was built in 1999.

* LM801 - Developmental prototype, never raced.
* LM802 - 1998 24 Hours of Le Mans #29, later a test car.
* LM803 - Road legal version of the GT-One, on display in Europe.
* LM804 - 1998 24 Hours of Le Mans #28, 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans #3, later on display in Japan.
* LM805 - 1998 24 Hours of Le Mans #27, later a test car.
* LM806 - 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans #2.
* LM907 - 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans #1.

LM804 was not only the only car to race in both 24 Hours of Le Mans, but also the only car to finish either 24 Hours of Le Mans.

== Technical Data ==

[[Image:Goodwood2007-022 Toyota TS020 GT-One (1998).jpg|thumb|right|The engine bay of a GT-One.]]

;Engine: Toyota R36V, 3.6 Litre Twin-Turbo V8 (600 HP @ 6000 RPM, 479 lbf-ft @ 6000 RPM) - some sources claim the 1999 model to have had 700 HP
;Gearbox: TTE Six Speed Unsynchronized Sequential Manual transmission
;Suspension: Four-wheel independent, double wishbones front and rear
;Dimensions: 484 cm overall length, 200 cm overall width, 900 kg weight

The Toyota GT-One has been clocked at 345 km/h (214.28 mp/h) in practice on the Mulsanne Straight at Le Mans 1998 and even at 352 km/h (218.73 mp/h) at Le Mans 1999 test days and its actual top speed (with low downforce, as it was set up for Le Mans 1999) is somewhere around 380 km/h (236.13 mp/h).

== External links ==

{{commonscat|Toyota GT-One}}

*[http://www.carpages.co.uk/toyota/toyota-goodwood-festival-of-speed-17-03-05.asp Toyota Racing Icons]
*[http://tamiya.com/english/products/24222gt_one/020.htm Toyota GT-One model kit]
*[http://www.mulsannescorner.com/gtone.html Toyota GT-One specs and photos]
*[http://wspr-racing.com/chassis/grc/ChassisToyota.html GT-One chassis numbers and history]

{{Toyota Sportscar Racers}}

[[Category:Toyota vehicles|GT-One]]
[[Category:Le Mans Prototypes]]

==Notes and references==

==See Also==
{{Toyota}}
==External links==

Toyota GT-One

2007-09-23T20:19:06Z

Dan Barret:

{{Racing car
|Car_name=Toyota GT-One
|Logo=[[Image:Toyota svg.svg|150px|Toyota Motor Corporation logo]]
|Category=[[Le Mans Prototype|LMGTP]]
|Constructor=[[Toyota Motor Corporation]]
|Designer=[[Andre de Cortanze]]
|Team=[[Toyota]]
|Drivers=
|Chassis=[[Carbon fiber]] and [[aluminum]] honeycomb [[monocoque]]
|Front suspension=[[Independent suspension|Independent]] [[Double wishbone suspension|double wishbone]] pushrod system
|Rear suspension=[[Independent suspension|Independent]] [[Double wishbone suspension|double wishbone]] pushrod system
|Engine name=[[Toyota]]
|Capacity=3.6 liter
|Configuration=90-degree [[V8]]
|Turbo/NA=[[twin-turbo]],
|Engine position=[[RMR layout|mid]], [[longitudinal engine|longitudinally mounted]]
|Gearbox name=[[Toyota Team Europe|TTE]]
|Gears=6-speed
|Type=[[sequential manual transmission|sequential manual]]
|Differential=
|Tyres=[[Michelin]] radial
|Fuel=
|Debut=
|Races=
|Wins=
|Cons_champ=
|Drivers_champ=
|Poles=
|Fastest_laps=
}}

The '''Toyota GT-One''' (also known in Japan as the '''Toyota TS020''') was a [[racing car]] initially developed as a [[racing car]] for [[grand tourer|grand touring]] style rules, but later adapted into a [[Le Mans prototype]]. It raced in the [[1998 24 Hours of Le Mans|1998]] and [[1999 24 Hours of Le Mans]].

== History ==

Following the end of the [[Group C]] era around 1994, [[Toyota]] decided to alter its plans in [[sports car racing]] by moving to the production-based GT classes for 1995. Toyota decided to approach this in two ways by using two different styles of car for competition. The first was a heavily modified [[Toyota Supra]], referred to as the Supra LM, which would use a turbocharged inline-4. The second entry was a custom built car designed specifically to be a racing car, yet required a small number of production cars for sale in order to meet homologation regulations. This car was modified heavily from the [[Toyota MR2]], and became known as the SARD MC8-R. The MC8-R would use a custom built Toyota turbocharged V8. While the Supra performed admirably in 1995, the MC8-R would appear superior for 1996. With development of high powered supercars for the GT classes at the time, Toyota decided that a car similar to the MC8-R, which was intended as a race car first, would be better suited to continuing Toyota's development of a GT car. Thus Toyota announced they would skip the [[1997 24 Hours of Le Mans]] to be able to develop their new GT car for 1998.

[[Image:Toyota_GTOne_01.jpg|left|thumb|A Toyota GT-One in testing.]]

Turning to Toyota's European arm based in [[Cologne, Germany]], [[Toyota Team Europe]] (TTE) was charged with development of the new GT car. With taking the one-year hiatus, TTE was able to look at what the competition was developing for the GT class, and exploit it to their benefit. In 1997, both the [[Mercedes-Benz CLK GTR]] and the [[Porsche 911 GT1]] were dominant cars in their class that exploited loop holes in the rules in place at the time. Each car was a custom built super car of which only a small handful of production cars were built to homologate it. TTE realized that they would actually only need to build a single production car in order to meet homologation regulations, thus allowing TTE to have a car that would never truly be sold to a customer, meaning that any driver luxuries could be left out.

Second, Toyota learned about a loophole which [[Mercedes-Benz]] had exploited. All GT based cars were required to have storage space, capable of holding a standard sized suitcase, in order for the car to be considered not only production based, but usable by the public. Mercedes exploited this by putting a small cubby hole into an unused area underneath the rear bodywork, although it was not as easy to access as a normal trunk. Toyota, in their interpretation of the rules, were able to convince [[Automobile Club de l'Ouest]] (ACO) officials that the car's fuel tank, normally empty when the car is scrutineered before the race, was allowable as a trunk space since it could, theoretically, hold a suitcase.

With these loopholes in place, TTE was able to set out in laying-out the GT-One. TTE designed and manufactured the car's [[carbon fiber]] chassis and bodywork in-house, while [[Toyota]] supplied an upgraded version of the engine they originally used on their Group C cars, the R36V 3.6L Turbo V8.

TTE also developed the lone GT-One road car, painted red and fitted with a basic interior, and it was quickly put into a museum in Japan, having served the purpose of merely existing.

==Racing results==

[[Image:Toyota_GT_One,_Le_Mans_1998.jpg|thumb|right|A GT-One leads the field at the [[1998 24 Hours of Le Mans]].]]

Introduced in time for Le Mans in 1998, the GT-One first appeared at the official testing days for the race held in May. Three GT-Ones appeared, setting the 2nd, 5th, and 10th best times, easily beating out custom built prototypes which were meant to be the superior class. For the race week itself, all three cars performed admirably in qualifying by continuing their quick pace, qualifying 2nd, 7th, and 8th, being beaten only by their GT class competitor, [[Mercedes-Benz]].

For the race itself, the GT-One unfortunately suffered. GT-One #28 suffered from a high speed accident halfway through the race, taking it out of competition. The two other entrants continued to fight on, both remaining in the top 10. However, within the closing hours, the higher ranked GT-One #29 suffered a gearbox failure while in competition for the race win. Thus Toyota was left to take 9th place in the race with the lone #27 entry, which ended the race 25 laps behind the winning [[Porsche 911 GT1]].

Following the success of the GT1 class as a whole over [[Le Mans prototype]]s, the ACO and [[FIA]] moved to change the regulations for the GT classes, requiring a large amount of production vehicles for the GT classes, thus eliminating the original loopholes in the system. Thus Toyota was forced to make changes to the GT-One, as were all its competitors in the class. [[Mercedes-Benz]] opted to evolve their [[Mercedes-Benz CLK GTR|CLK-GTR]] into the new custom built [[Mercedes-Benz CLR|CLR]] in the closed cockpit GTP class, while [[Nissan]] and [[Panoz]] opted for open cockpit LMPs. [[Porsche]] dropped out of competition altogether. Newcomer Audi decided to build cars for both the GTP and LMP classes, while BMW continued in the LMP class as before. Toyota decided to follow the route of Mercedes and evolve the GT-One into a GTP class prototype. Although the CLK-GTR required extensive modifications to become the CLR, the GT-One was already close enough to a prototype that extensive redesign was not needed.

Toyota began an extensive testing program, including a long distance test at [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps]] in [[Belgium]] soon after a snowfall. In the official testing session at Le Mans, the GT-Ones were again fast, taking the 1st, 3rd, and 5th fastest lap times. This pace continued in qualifying for the race, as the three GT-Ones took 1st, 2nd, and 8th positions.

[[Image:1999_Toyota_TS020_01.jpg|thumb|A GT-One on display.]]

Throughout the race the GT-Ones battled for the lead, having it switch multiple times amongst the top competitors. Unfortunately the GT-One was suffering from failures of its [[Michelin]] tires throughout the race, mostly caused by sharp gravel which had been accidentally brought onto the racing surface by other cars. The design of the GT-One's wheel wells allowed for a blown tire to cause extensive damage to the mechanical linkages inside. Thus after only 90 laps the first GT-One was lost when it suffered an explosive tire puncture and was damaged beyond repair, unable to return to the pits and abandoned on the track. Halfway into the event, another GT-One was lost in a tire puncture that led to a high speed accident, destroying the car. This left the team with only car #3, which was still running at the top of the field. At this point a large amount of the competition had been eliminated, with all Mercedes out of the race due to their famous accident and withdrawal. Audi had also lost two of their four cars, and [[Nissan]] had lost their factory backed R391, although an older [[Courage Competition|Courage]] C52 campaigned by the team was still active. BMW and Panoz were the only teams continuing without major problems.

During the final hour of the race, the lone GT-One was leading the race, just ahead of a BMW and two Audis. While lapping traffic the GT-One suffered a tire failure, and was forced to slowly make its way around the track to return to the pits for a new set. In the process the GT-One lost the lead, and thus lost the race. The lone GT-One would come home 2nd overall, one lap behind the winning BMW. As a consolation prize, the GT-One would win the GTP class, although it was the only car in the class to actually finish.

The GT-One would race only once more, a single entrant appearing in the [[1999 Le Mans Fuji 1000km]]. Although the race mostly consisted of Japanese teams, thus leaving out most of the manufacturers that had competed at Le Mans, Toyota still had to compete against rival Nissan, who also entered their [[Nissan R391|R391]]. In the end the GT-One would fall short once again, finishing 2nd and only one lap behind the winning R391.

The GT-One program would not be continued into 2000, Toyota instead turning TTE into leaders of the new [[Toyota F1]] team. This would mark the end of Toyota's attempts at Le Mans, which had started in 1985.

The GT-One was sponsored by Marlboro in 1999 (Hence the white chevron with red body)despite the anti-tobacco laws in france which meant no Marlboro logos appeared on the car anywhere. In the first picture, you can see the Marlboro barcode which appeared on the Ferrari F1 cars during tobacco legislated grand prix. This didn't appear on the final race car either, though. Other sponsors included Esso, Michelin and ZENT.

== Chassis ==

A total of seven GT-Ones were built in total over the two years of the program. The first six were built in 1998, while the final chassis was built in 1999.

* LM801 - Developmental prototype, never raced.
* LM802 - 1998 24 Hours of Le Mans #29, later a test car.
* LM803 - Road legal version of the GT-One, on display in Europe.
* LM804 - 1998 24 Hours of Le Mans #28, 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans #3, later on display in Japan.
* LM805 - 1998 24 Hours of Le Mans #27, later a test car.
* LM806 - 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans #2.
* LM907 - 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans #1.

LM804 was not only the only car to race in both 24 Hours of Le Mans, but also the only car to finish either 24 Hours of Le Mans.

== Technical Data ==

[[Image:Goodwood2007-022 Toyota TS020 GT-One (1998).jpg|thumb|right|The engine bay of a GT-One.]]

;Engine: Toyota R36V, 3.6 Litre Twin-Turbo V8 (600 HP @ 6000 RPM, 479 lbf-ft @ 6000 RPM) - some sources claim the 1999 model to have had 700 HP
;Gearbox: TTE Six Speed Unsynchronized Sequential Manual transmission
;Suspension: Four-wheel independent, double wishbones front and rear
;Dimensions: 484 cm overall length, 200 cm overall width, 900 kg weight

The Toyota GT-One has been clocked at 345 km/h (214.28 mp/h) in practice on the Mulsanne Straight at Le Mans 1998 and even at 352 km/h (218.73 mp/h) at Le Mans 1999 test days and its actual top speed (with low downforce, as it was set up for Le Mans 1999) is somewhere around 380 km/h (236.13 mp/h).

== External links ==

{{commonscat|Toyota GT-One}}

*[http://www.carpages.co.uk/toyota/toyota-goodwood-festival-of-speed-17-03-05.asp Toyota Racing Icons]
*[http://tamiya.com/english/products/24222gt_one/020.htm Toyota GT-One model kit]
*[http://www.mulsannescorner.com/gtone.html Toyota GT-One specs and photos]
*[http://wspr-racing.com/chassis/grc/ChassisToyota.html GT-One chassis numbers and history]

{{Toyota Sportscar Racers}}

[[Category:Toyota vehicles|GT-One]]
[[Category:Le Mans Prototypes]]

[[de:Toyota GT-One]]
[[fr:Toyota GT-One]]
[[ja:トヨタ・GT-One TS020]]

==Notes and references==

==See Also==
{{Toyota}}
==External links==

List of supercars

2007-09-23T19:58:21Z

Dan Barret: /* 1970s Supercars */

This page contains a list of [[automobiles]] generally regarded as [[supercar (car classification)|supercar]]s. The category is a subjective one, however, and the inclusion of some of the automobiles listed may be somewhat controversial —depending upon the opinion of the reader.

While there is no objective definition of a ''supercar'', it is generally considered to have characterics such as, cutting-edge technology for the era of initial production, extreme power, exclusivity, rarity, and extravagant styling. For this reason, some automobiles that may have one or more of these attributes—but are notably lacking in others—may not be considered ''supercars'' by some people, hence, a list of disputed, debated, or probable supercars also is included. Detailed discussion of the criteria determining inclusion in this classification, is on the page entitled, [[supercar]].

== Supercars ==

The following is a list of automobiles that are widely considered to be ''supercars'' for their era. They are listed in the era of the '''initial''' year of production of the base model, then alphabetically.
:''A citation of "supercar" status should be provided for each vehicle in this list.''

===Pre 1960s===
*[[Duesenberg|Duesenberg SJ/SSJ]]
*[[Alfa Romeo 6C]]
*[[Alfa Romeo 8C]]
*[[Bugatti Type 55]]
*[[Bugatti Type 57SC]]
*[[Cisitalia 202SC]]
*[[Ferrari 250|Ferrari 250 SWB]]
*[[Jaguar D-Type|Jaguar XKSS]]
*[[Mercedes-Benz 300SL]]<ref>Channel4.com. [http://www.channel4.com/4car/gallery/gallery.jsp?id=21&page=2 Mercedes-Benz 300SL].</ref>
*[[Pegaso Z-102]]<ref>Cartype.com. [http://www.cartype.com/page.cfm?id=867&alph=ALL].</ref>

===1960s Supercars===
*[[AC Cobra]]
*[[Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale]]
*[[Ferrari 250 GTO]]<ref>[[Supercars.net]]. [http://www.supercars.net/cars/518.html 1962 Ferrari 250 GTO]</ref>
*[[Ferrari Daytona|Ferrari 365 GTB/4]]
*[[Ford GT40|Ford GT40 Mk III]]
*[[Lamborghini Miura]]<ref>Pistonheads.com. [http://www.pistonheads.com/doc.asp?c=52&i=10585 Lamborghini Miura At 40]. May 10, 2005.</ref>

===1970s Supercars===
*[[BMW M1]]
*[[De Tomaso Pantera]]
*[[Ferrari 512]]
*[[Lamborghini Countach]]<ref>Autozine.org. [http://www.autozine.org/countach/countach_1.htm Lamborghini Countach]</ref>
*[[Maserati Bora]]

===1980s Supercars===
*[[Ferrari GTO|Ferrari 288 GTO]]
*[[Ferrari Testarossa]]<ref>Qv500.com. [http://www.qv500.com/ferraritrp1.php Ferrari's Testarossa]</ref>
*[[Isdera Imperator 108i]]
*[[Porsche 959]]
*[[Ferrari F40]]
*Lamborghini Countach (25th Anniversary)

===1990s Supercars===
* [[Ascari Ecosse]]
* [[Bugatti EB110|Bugatti EB-110/EB-110 SuperSport]]<ref name=webcars>[http://www.web-cars.com/miura/ Lamborghini Miura].</ref>
* [[Cizeta|Cizeta Moroder]]
* [[Ferrari F50]]<ref name=webcars />
* [[Isdera|Isdera Commendatore 112i]]
* [[Jaguar XJ220]]
* [[Jaguar XJR-15]]
* [[Koenigsegg CC]]
* [[Lamborghini Diablo]]
* [[Lister Storm]]
* [[McLaren F1]]<ref name=webcars />
* [[Mega Track]]
* [[Nazca C2]]
* [[Pagani Zonda]]
* [[Schuppan 962CR]]
* [[Spectre R42]]

===2000s Supercars===
*[[Ascari KZ1]]<ref>{{web cite|url=http://www.rsportscars.com/eng/articles/kz1_hollywood.asp|title=Ascari KZ1 Heads for the Hollywood Hills|publisher=RSportsCars|date=2006-05-04|accessdate=2006-12-23}}</ref>
*[[Bugatti Veyron]]<ref>[[CNN]]. [http://www.cnn.com/2005/AUTOS/funonwheels/09/16/bugatti_veyron/ Bugatti].</ref>
*[[Edonis|B Engineering Edonis]]
*[[Ferrari Enzo|Ferrari Enzo]]<ref>[[Forbes]]. [http://www.forbes.com/vehicles/2004/05/05/cx_md_0505feat.html Ferrari's Supercar]</ref>
*[[Ford GT]]<ref>{{web cite|url=http://www.rsportscars.com/eng/cars/ford_gt.asp|title=Ford GT - Ford's Centennial Supercar|publisher=RSportsCars|accessdate=2006-12-23}}</ref>
*[[Gumpert Apollo]]
*[[Hulme F1]]
*[[Koenigsegg CC8S]]<ref>{{web cite|url=http://www.rsportscars.com/eng/cars/koenigsegg_cc.asp|title=Koenigsegg CC|accessdate=2006-12-23|publisher=RSportsCars}}</ref>
*[[Koenigsegg CCR]]<ref>{{web cite|url=http://www.businessweek.com/autos/content/mar2006/bw20060324_835422.htm|title=A Revolution in Swede Speed |publisher=Business Week|accessdate=20036-12-23|date=2006-03-24|last=Vella|first=Matt}}</ref>
*[[Koenigsegg CCX]]<ref>[[Motor Trend]]. [http://www.motortrend.com/auto_shows/coverage/geneva/112_2006_geneva_motor_show/2007_koenigsegg_ccx.html 2007 Koenigsegg CCX].</ref>
*[[Lamborghini Murciélago]]<ref>[[Fifth Gear]]. [http://fifthgear.five.tv/jsp/5gmain.jsp?lnk=241&featureid=16&description=Lamborghini%20Murcielago Lamborghini Murcielago]</ref>
*[[Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren]]<ref>{{web cite|url=http://research.cars.com/go/crp/research.jsp;jsessionid=4JQ1BA2BZHBZHLAYIJEJXKY;jsessionid=4JQ1BA2BZHBZHLAYIJEJXKY?makeid=31&bg=t&year=2006&modelid=7593&section=summary&mode=&aff=national|title=2006 Mercedes-Benz SLRMcLaren-Class|publisher=Cars.com|accessdate=2006-12-23}}</ref>
*[[Mosler MT900]]<ref>{{web cite|url=http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/coupe/112_0009_2002_mosler_mt900|title=Road Test: 2002 Mosler MT900|publisher=[[Motor Trend]]|accessdate=2006-12-23|first=Mac|last=DeMere}}</ref>
*[[Pagani Zonda]]<ref>{{web cite|url=http://www.automobilemag.com/auto_shows/2005_geneva/0503_pagani_zonda/|title=Pagani Zonda F|publisher=[[Automobile Magazine]]|accessdate=2006-12-23}}</ref>
*[[Porsche Carrera GT]]<ref>{{web cite|url=http://www.rsportscars.com/eng/cars/carrera_gt.asp|title=High-Performance Carrera GT with Technology of the Future|publisher=RSportsCars|accessdate=2006-12-23}}</ref>
*[[Saleen S7]]<ref>{{web cite|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/2000info/saleen.html?VEHICLES|title=2001 Saleen S7 Introduction|publisher=The Auto Channel|accessdate=2006-12-23}}</ref>
*[[SSC Aero]]<ref>{{web cite|url=http://www.supercars.net/cars/2952.html|title=SSC Aero|publisher=Supercars.net|accessdate=2006-12-23}}</ref>

===Supercars that are built specially to allow for competition use===
*[[Ferrari F40]]<ref>{{web cite|publisher=[[Fifth Gear]]|url=http://fifthgear.five.tv/jsp/5gmain.jsp?lnk=241&featureid=9|title=Ferrari F40}}</ref>
* [[Maserati MC12]]<ref>{{web cite|url=http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/coupe/112_0506_maserati_mc12/|title=Maserati MC12 Road Test Review|publisher=[[Motor Trend]]|accessdate=2006-12-23|last=Markus|first=Frank}}</ref>
* [[Mercedes-Benz CLK-GTR]]<ref>{{web cite|url=http://news.windingroad.com/auto-news/dealer-sues-mercedes-over-clk-gtr-roadster/|title=Dealer sues Mercedes over AMG CLK-GTR Roadster|publisher=Winding Road|accessdate=2006-12-23|date=2006-6-15|last=Brennan|first=Reilly}}</ref>
* [[Porsche 911 GT1]]<ref>{{web cite|url=http://www.supercars.net/cars/1548.html|title=Porsche 911 GT1|publisher=Supercars.net|accessdate=2006-12-23}}</ref>

=== Planned supercars ===
*[[SSC Aero]] (production is planned)
*[[Chrysler ME Four-Twelve]] (production is being reconsidered)<ref>{{web cite|url=http://www.motortrend.com/future/concept_cars/112_0404_chrysler_me_four_twelve|title=First Headliner: Chrysler ME Four-Twelve|publisher=[[Motor Trend]]|accessdate=2006-12-23|last=Lassa|first=Todd}}</ref>
*[[Jaguar XK-RS]] (production is being considered)
*[[Laraki]] [[Fulgura]] (production is planned)
*[[McLaren P8]] (development is restarted)
*[[Brammo Rogue GT]] (production is planned)
*[[Saleen S4]] (currently under development with intent for production)

=== Supercar projects that were built as design exercise ===
*[[Audi Avus Quattro]]
*[[Bentley Hunaudieres]]
*[[BMW Nazca M12]]
*[[Cadillac Cien]]
*[[Cadillac Sixteen]]
*[[Ford GT90]]
*[[Holden Hurricane]]
*[[Italdesign Cala]]
*[[Italdesign Nazca C2]]
*[[Italdesign Schigera]]
*[[Peugeot 907]]
*[[Maserati Birdcage 75th]]
*[[Saab Aero-X]]

===Supercars that failed to enter production===
*[[Bizzarrini BZ-2001]]
*[[Jiotto Caspita]]
*[[Joss Supercar]]
*[[Lotus GT1]] (modified version of the [[Lotus Elise]] for competition use)
*[[McLaren M6GT]] (despite only 4 roadgoing examples were built, they were never released due to the death of [[Bruce McLaren]])
*[[MCV CH4]]
*[[Monteverdi Hai 650 F1]]
*[[Nissan R390 GT1]] (only saw limited production for factory entered competition cars, plan for road cars was axed due to a change in homlogation requirements)
*[[Panoz GTR-1]] (same reason as R390)
*[[Toyota GT-One]] (same reason as R390)
*[[TVR Speed 12|TVR Cerbera Speed 12]] (never went into production, however, one of the prototypes was recently rebuilt, registered and sold)
*[[Vector WX-3]]
*[[Vector WX-3R]]
*[[Yamaha OX99-11]]

=== Disputed supercars ===

*[[Ariel Atom]]
*[[Audi R8]]
*[[Audi RS6]]
*[[BMW 850 CSi]]
*[[Chevrolet Corvette Z06]]
*[[Chevrolet Camaro ZL1]]<ref>[[Hotrod]]. (modified muscle car)[http://www.hotrod.com/featuredvehicles/113_0310_2002_chevrolet_camaro_zl1/].</ref>
*[[De Tomaso Deauville]]
*[[De Tomaso Guara]]
*[[De Tomaso Longchamps]]
*[[De Tomaso Mangusta]]
*[[Evans 486 LM]]
*[[Ferrari Dino]]
*[[Ferrari 308]]
*[[Ferrari 328]]
*[[Ferrari 348]]
*[[Ferrari F355]]
*[[Ferrari 360]]
*[[Ferrari FXX]]
*[[Lamborghini Gallardo]]
*[[Lamborghini Jalpa]]
*[[Lotus Carlton]] (sports saloon)
*[[Lotus Esprit]]
*[[Mercedes-Benz CLK-Class|Mercedes-Benz CLK DTM AMG]]
*[[Mercedes-Benz SL65 AMG]]
*[[Nissan Skyline GT-R]]
*[[Stealth B6]]
*[[Panther Solo]]
*[[Porsche 930]]
*[[Porsche 911]] Turbo, GT2, and GT3 models
*[[Ultima GTR]]
*[[Vector M12]]
*[[Vector W8]]
*Any [[muscle car]] sold only through specialty dealers, such as [[Yenko Chevrolet]], [[Baldwin-Motion]]

== See also ==
*[[Car classification]]

[[Category:Supercars| ]]
[[Category:Lists of automobiles|Supercars]]