Red marquis at 21:26, 31 October 2010

2010-10-31T21:26:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:26, 31 October 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Air conditioning''' is the cooling of indoor air for thermal comfort. In another sense, the term can refer to any form of [[HVAC\|cooling, heating, ventilation]], or disinfection that modifies the condition of air.<ref>ASHRAE Terminology of HVAC&R, ASHRAE, Inc., Atlanta, 1991,</ref> An air conditioner (often referred to as AC or air con.) is an appliance, system, or machine designed to stabilise the air temperature and humidity within an area (used for cooling as well as heating depending on the air properties at a given time), typically using a [[refrigeration cycle]] but sometimes using ~~[[evaporative cooler\|~~evaporation]], commonly for comfort cooling in buildings and motor vehicles.		'''Air conditioning''' is the cooling of indoor air for thermal comfort. In another sense, the term can refer to any form of [[HVAC\|cooling, heating, ventilation]], or disinfection that modifies the condition of air.<ref>ASHRAE Terminology of HVAC&R, ASHRAE, Inc., Atlanta, 1991,</ref> An air conditioner (often referred to as AC or air con.) is an appliance, system, or machine designed to stabilise the air temperature and humidity within an area (used for cooling as well as heating depending on the air properties at a given time), typically using a refrigeration cycle but sometimes using evaporation, commonly for comfort cooling in buildings and motor vehicles.

	The concept of air conditioning is known to have been applied in Ancient Rome, where aqueduct water was circulated through the walls of certain houses to cool them. Similar techniques in medieval Persia involved the use of cisterns and wind towers to cool buildings during the hot season. Modern air conditioning emerged from advances in chemistry during the 19th century, and the first large-scale electrical air conditioning was invented and used in 1902 by Willis Haviland Carrier.		The concept of air conditioning is known to have been applied in Ancient Rome, where aqueduct water was circulated through the walls of certain houses to cool them. Similar techniques in medieval Persia involved the use of cisterns and wind towers to cool buildings during the hot season. Modern air conditioning emerged from advances in chemistry during the 19th century, and the first large-scale electrical air conditioning was invented and used in 1902 by Willis Haviland Carrier.

Red marquis at 21:23, 31 October 2010

2010-10-31T21:23:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:23, 31 October 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~#REDIRECT~~ [[HVAC]]		'''Air conditioning''' is the cooling of indoor air for thermal comfort. In another sense, the term can refer to any form of [[HVAC\|cooling, heating, ventilation]], or disinfection that modifies the condition of air.<ref>ASHRAE Terminology of HVAC&R, ASHRAE, Inc., Atlanta, 1991,</ref> An air conditioner (often referred to as AC or air con.) is an appliance, system, or machine designed to stabilise the air temperature and humidity within an area (used for cooling as well as heating depending on the air properties at a given time), typically using a [[refrigeration cycle]] but sometimes using [[evaporative cooler\|evaporation]], commonly for comfort cooling in buildings and motor vehicles.

			The concept of air conditioning is known to have been applied in Ancient Rome, where aqueduct water was circulated through the walls of certain houses to cool them. Similar techniques in medieval Persia involved the use of cisterns and wind towers to cool buildings during the hot season. Modern air conditioning emerged from advances in chemistry during the 19th century, and the first large-scale electrical air conditioning was invented and used in 1902 by Willis Haviland Carrier.

			==Automotive applications==
			Air conditioning systems are designed to allow the driver and or passengers to feel more comfortable during uncomfortably warm, humid, or hot trips in a vehicle. Cars in hot climates often are fitted with air conditioning. There has been much debate and discussion on what the usage of an air conditioner does to the fuel efficiency of a vehicle. Factors such as wind resistance, aerodynamics and engine power and weight have to be factored into finding the true variance between using the air conditioning system and not using it when figuring out difference in actual gas mileage. Other factors on the impact on the engine and an overall engine heat increase can have an impact on the cooling system of the vehicle.

			The [[Packard\|Packard Motor Car Company]] was the first automobile manufacturer to build air conditioners into its cars, beginning in 1939.<ref>[http://www.50states.com/facts/michigan.htm Michigan Fast Facts and Trivia], retrieved on 2009-08-29.</ref> These air conditioners were originally optional, and could be installed for an extra $274 (about $4,050 in {{As of\|2007\|alt=2007 dollars}}).<ref name=great>[http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3854 "Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Timeline", National Academy of Engineering]. Retrieved 2009-08-29.</ref> The system took up half of the entire trunk space, was not very efficient, and had no thermostat or independent shut-off mechanism.<ref>[http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3864 "Air Conditioning and Refrigeration History - part 4", National Academy of Engineering]. Retrieved 2009-08-29.</ref> The option was discontinued after 1941.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Alder\|first=Dennis\|title=Packard\|publisher=MBI Publishing Company\|year=2004\|page=76\|isbn=9780760319284}}</ref>

			In 1954, the [[Nash Ambassador]] was the first American automobile to boast front-end, fully-integrated heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=The Great Lakelands\|volume=6\|publisher=Lake Valley, Inc\|year=1956\|page=32}}</ref> The Nash-Kelvinator corporation used its experience in refrigeration to introduce the automobile industry's first compact and affordable, single-unit heating and air conditioning system optional for its 1954 [[Nash Motors\|Nash]] models.<ref>{{cite book\|editor-last=Gunnell\|editor-first=John\|title=The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1946-1975\|publisher=Krause Publications\|year=1987\|isbn=9780873410960\|page=176}}</ref><ref name= albinder>{{cite journal\|url=http://wardsautoworld.com/ar/auto_rearview_mirror_9/index.html\|first=Al\|last=Binder\|last2=the Ward's staff\|title=Rearview Mirror\|journal=Ward's AutoWorld\|date=2001-02-01\|accessdate=2010-08-09}}</ref> This was the first system for the mass market with controls on the dash and an electric clutch.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Daly\|first=Steven\|title=Automotive Air-Conditioning and Climate Control Systems\|publisher=Elsevier Science & Technology Books\|year=2006\|page=2\|isbn=9780750669559}}</ref> Marketed under the name of "[[Weather Eye\|All-Weather Eye]]", the Nash system was "a good and remarkably inexpensive" system.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Stevenson\|first=Heon J.\|title=American Automobile Advertising, 1930-1980: An Illustrated History\|publisher=McFarland & Company\|year=2008\|page=177\|isbn=9780786436859}}</ref> Entirely incorporated within the engine bay, the combined heating and cooling system had cold air for passengers enter through dash-mounted vents.<ref name= albinder/> Nash's exclusive "remarkable advance" was not only the "sophisticated" unified system, but also its $345 price that beat all other systems.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://auto.howstuffworks.com/1953-1955-nash-hudson-rambler5.htm\|title=1953-1955 Nash and Hudson Ramblers\|author=Auto Editors of ''Consumer Guide''\|date=2007-11-29\|accessdate=2010-08-09}}</ref>

			Most competing systems used a separate heating system and an engine-mounted compressor, driven off of the crankshaft of the engine via a belt, with an evaporator in the car's trunk to deliver cold air through the rear parcel shelf and overhead vents. General Motors made a front mounted air conditioning system optional in 1954 on Pontiacs with a [[straight-eight engine]] that added separate controls and air distribution. The alternative layout pioneered by Nash "became established practice and continues to form the basis of the modern and more sophisticated automatic climate control systems."<ref>{{cite book\|last= Nunney\|first=Malcolm J.\|title=Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology\|publisher=Elsevier Science & Technology Books\|year=2006\|page=147\|isbn=9780750680370}}</ref>

			The innovation was adopted quickly, and by 1960 about 20% of all cars in the U.S. had air-conditioning, with the percentage increasing to 80% in the warm areas of the Southwest.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Nash\|first=Gerald D.\|title=Federal Landscape: An Economic History of the Twentieth-Century West\|publisher=University of Arizona Press\|year=1999\|page=224\|isbn= 9780816518630}}</ref> [[AMC\|American Motors]] made air conditioning standard equipment on all [[AMC Ambassador]]s starting with the 1968 model year, a first<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Ward's automotive yearbook\|volume=31\|publisher=Ward's Communications Inc.\|year=1969\|page=116}}</ref> in the mass market with a base price starting at $2,671.<ref>{{Cite journal\|title=U.S. Business: Shuffle & Cut\|journal=Time\|date=October 6\|year=1967\|url=http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,844040,00.html\|accessdate=2010-08-09}}</ref> By 1969, 54% of the domestic automobiles were equipped with air conditioning, with the system needed not only for passenger comfort, but also to increase the car's resale value.<ref name=great/>

			==See Also==

			*[[HVAC]]

Red marquis at 21:12, 31 October 2010

2010-10-31T21:12:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:12, 31 October 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~http://www.baleiaemchamas.com/prednisone.html buy prednisone eglf http://www.musicvsmode.com/ accutane 649475 http://www.tennismaschile.com/cialis.html generic cialis online diipkn~~		#REDIRECT [[HVAC]]

12.168.203.132: pHfSuMaVxcWSPJ

2010-10-31T16:12:54Z

pHfSuMaVxcWSPJ

New page

http://www.baleiaemchamas.com/prednisone.html buy prednisone eglf http://www.musicvsmode.com/ accutane 649475 http://www.tennismaschile.com/cialis.html generic cialis online diipkn

Air conditioning - Revision history

Red marquis at 21:26, 31 October 2010

Red marquis at 21:23, 31 October 2010

Red marquis at 21:12, 31 October 2010

12.168.203.132: pHfSuMaVxcWSPJ