Diesel - Revision history

TristanT at 06:15, 2 November 2009

2009-11-02T06:15:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:15, 2 November 2009
Line 42:		Line 42:

	The very first diesel-engine [[automobile]] trip was completed on January 6, 1930. The trip was from \|Indianapolis to New York City, a distance of nearly 800 miles (1300 km). This feat helped to prove the usefulness of the [[internal combustion engine]].		The very first diesel-engine [[automobile]] trip was completed on January 6, 1930. The trip was from \|Indianapolis to New York City, a distance of nearly 800 miles (1300 km). This feat helped to prove the usefulness of the [[internal combustion engine]].

			A new generation of diesel combustion uses a rail that keeps the fuel pressurised until it reaches the combustion chamber at Mach 2 (2350 km/h). The injection of diesel is more finer with particles 4 nanometres apart and droplets are smaller that they could fit on a pin head. As the result, the fuel is burned more efficiently and equally whilst producing more power, torque and better fuel economy and reduced emissions. With a more complete combustion, there is a reduction of soot and evaporative pollutants and the diesel engine is more silent as an equivalent petrol car.

	=== Automobile racing ===		=== Automobile racing ===

Red marquis: /* Internal Combustion Engines */

2009-08-22T01:53:20Z

Internal Combustion Engines

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:53, 22 August 2009
Line 37:		Line 37:
	== Applications ==		== Applications ==
	===Internal Combustion Engines===		===Internal Combustion Engines===
	Diesel is used in [[diesel engine]]s, a type of [[internal combustion engine]]. Rudolf Diesel originally designed the diesel engine to use [[coal dust]] as a fuel, but oil proved more effective. Diesel engines are used in cars, trucks, motorcycles, boats and locomotives.		Diesel is used in [[diesel engine]]s, a type of [[internal combustion engine]]. Rudolf Diesel originally designed the diesel engine to use coal dust as a fuel, but oil proved more effective. Diesel engines are used in cars, trucks, motorcycles, boats and locomotives.

	[[Packard]] diesel motors were used in aircraft as early as 1927, and Charles Lindbergh flew a Stinson SM1B with a Packard Diesel in 1928. A Packard diesel motor designed by L.M. Woolson was fitted to a Stinson X7654, and in 1929 it was flown 1000 km non-stop from Detroit to Langley, Virginia (near Washington, D.C.). In 1931, Walter Lees and Fredrick Brossy set the nonstop flight record flying a Bellanca powered by a Packard Diesel for 84h 32m. The Hindenburg was powered by four 16 cylinder diesel engines, each with approximately 1200 horsepower available in bursts, and 850 horsepower available for cruising.		[[Packard]] diesel motors were used in aircraft as early as 1927, and Charles Lindbergh flew a Stinson SM1B with a Packard Diesel in 1928. A Packard diesel motor designed by L.M. Woolson was fitted to a Stinson X7654, and in 1929 it was flown 1000 km non-stop from Detroit to Langley, Virginia (near Washington, D.C.). In 1931, Walter Lees and Fredrick Brossy set the nonstop flight record flying a Bellanca powered by a Packard Diesel for 84h 32m. The Hindenburg was powered by four 16 cylinder diesel engines, each with approximately 1200 horsepower available in bursts, and 850 horsepower available for cruising.

Red marquis: /* Petroleum diesel */

2009-08-22T01:52:43Z

Petroleum diesel

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:52, 22 August 2009
Line 2:		Line 2:

	== Petroleum diesel ==		== Petroleum diesel ==
	Diesel is produced from petroleum, and is sometimes called '''petrodiesel''' (or, less seriously, '''dinodiesel''') when there is a need to distinguish it from diesel obtained from other sources such as '''vegidiesel''' ([[biodiesel]]) derived from [[straight vegetable oil\|pure (SVO)]] or [[waste vegetable oil\|recycled waste]] (WVO) vegetable oil. As a [[hydrocarbon]] mixture, it is obtained in the fractional distillation of crude oil between 250 °C and 350 °C at atmospheric pressure.		Diesel is produced from petroleum, and is sometimes called '''petrodiesel''' (or, less seriously, '''dinodiesel''') when there is a need to distinguish it from diesel obtained from other sources such as '''vegidiesel''' ([[biodiesel]]) derived from [[straight vegetable oil\|pure (SVO)]] or [[waste vegetable oil\|recycled waste]] (WVO) vegetable oil. As a hydrocarbon mixture, it is obtained in the fractional distillation of crude oil between 250 °C and 350 °C at atmospheric pressure.

	The density of diesel is about 850 grams per liter whereas gasoline has a density of about 720 g/l, or about 15% less. When burnt, diesel typically releases about 40.9 megajoules (MJ) per liter, whereas gasoline releases 34.8 MJ/L, also about 15% less. Diesel is generally simpler to refine than [[gasoline]] and often costs less (although price fluctuations often mean that the inverse is true; for example, the cost of diesel traditionally rises during colder months as demand for heating oil, which is refined much the same way, rises).		The density of diesel is about 850 grams per liter whereas gasoline has a density of about 720 g/l, or about 15% less. When burnt, diesel typically releases about 40.9 megajoules (MJ) per liter, whereas gasoline releases 34.8 MJ/L, also about 15% less. Diesel is generally simpler to refine than [[gasoline]] and often costs less (although price fluctuations often mean that the inverse is true; for example, the cost of diesel traditionally rises during colder months as demand for heating oil, which is refined much the same way, rises).
Line 11:		Line 11:

	===Chemical composition===		===Chemical composition===
	Petroleum derived diesel is composed of about 75% [[saturated ~~hydrocarbon]]s~~ (primarily paraffins including ''n'', ''iso'', and cycloparaffins), and 25% aromatic hydrocarbons (including naphthalenes and alkylbenzenes). The average chemical formula for common diesel fuel is C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>26</sub>, ranging from approx. C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>22</sub> to C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>32</sub>.		Petroleum derived diesel is composed of about 75% saturated hydrocarbons (primarily paraffins including ''n'', ''iso'', and cycloparaffins), and 25% aromatic hydrocarbons (including naphthalenes and alkylbenzenes). The average chemical formula for common diesel fuel is C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>26</sub>, ranging from approx. C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>22</sub> to C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>32</sub>.

	===Algae, microbes and water===		===Algae, microbes and water===
Line 18:		Line 18:
	These microbes form a slimy colony that lives at the fuel/water interface. They grow quite rapidly in warmer temperatures. They can even grow in cold weather when fuel tank heaters are installed. Parts of the colony can break off and clog the fuel lines and fuel filters.		These microbes form a slimy colony that lives at the fuel/water interface. They grow quite rapidly in warmer temperatures. They can even grow in cold weather when fuel tank heaters are installed. Parts of the colony can break off and clog the fuel lines and fuel filters.

	It is possible to either kill this growth with a [[biocide]] treatment, or eliminate the water, a necessary component of microbial life. There are a number of biocides on the market, which must be handled very carefully. If a biocide is used, it must be added every time a tank is refilled until the problem is fully resolved.		It is possible to either kill this growth with a biocide treatment, or eliminate the water, a necessary component of microbial life. There are a number of biocides on the market, which must be handled very carefully. If a biocide is used, it must be added every time a tank is refilled until the problem is fully resolved.

	Biocides attack the cell wall of microbes resulting in lysis, the death of a cell by bursting. The risk of filter clogging may continue for a short period after biocide treatment until cellular residues break down and are absorbed into the fuel.		Biocides attack the cell wall of microbes resulting in lysis, the death of a cell by bursting. The risk of filter clogging may continue for a short period after biocide treatment until cellular residues break down and are absorbed into the fuel.

Red marquis: /* Automobile racing */

2009-08-22T01:51:40Z

Automobile racing

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:51, 22 August 2009
Line 47:		Line 47:
	In 1931, Dave Evans drove his [[Cummins]] Diesel Special to a nonstop finish in the [[Indianapolis 500]], the first time a car had completed the race without a pit stop. That car and a later Cummins Diesel Special are on display at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame Museum.		In 1931, Dave Evans drove his [[Cummins]] Diesel Special to a nonstop finish in the [[Indianapolis 500]], the first time a car had completed the race without a pit stop. That car and a later Cummins Diesel Special are on display at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame Museum.

	With turbocharged Diesel-cars getting stronger in the 1990s, they were entered in [[touring car racing]], and [[BMW]] even won the 24 Hours Nürburgring in 1998 with a 320d. After winning the [2 Hours of Sebring in 2006 with their Diesel-powered R10 LMP, [[Audi]] won the 24 Hours of Le Mans, too. This is the first time a Diesel-fueled vehicle has won at Le Mans against cars powered with regular fuel or other alternative fuel like [[methanol]] or [[bio-ethanol]]. Competitors like Porsche predicted this victory for Audi as the regulation is pro-diesel. French automaker [[Peugeot]] is also planning to enter a diesel powered LMP in 2007.		With turbocharged Diesel-cars getting stronger in the 1990s, they were entered in [[touring car racing]], and [[BMW]] even won the 24 Hours Nürburgring in 1998 with a 320d. After winning the [2 Hours of Sebring in 2006 with their Diesel-powered R10 LMP, [[Audi]] won the 24 Hours of Le Mans, too. This is the first time a Diesel-fueled vehicle has won at Le Mans against cars powered with regular fuel or other alternative fuel like methanol or [[bio-ethanol]]. Competitors like Porsche predicted this victory for Audi as the regulation is pro-diesel. French automaker [[Peugeot]] is also planning to enter a diesel powered LMP in 2007.

	==Taxation==		==Taxation==

Red marquis: /* External links */

2009-08-22T01:51:10Z

External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:51, 22 August 2009
Line 66:		Line 66:
	{{Commons}}		{{Commons}}
	* [http://www.southerngrease.com/learn.htm Alternative Fuels - Beginner's tutorial on using alternative fuels in a diesel engine]		* [http://www.southerngrease.com/learn.htm Alternative Fuels - Beginner's tutorial on using alternative fuels in a diesel engine]
	*[http://www.straightdope.com/mailbag/mdieselvsgas.html Can I use diesel fuel instead of regular gas?] (from [[The Straight Dope]])		*[http://www.straightdope.com/mailbag/mdieselvsgas.html Can I use diesel fuel instead of regular gas?] (from The Straight Dope)
	*[http://www.bio-power.co.uk One of the best guides for beginners and those with the technical knowledge on the internet for using ~~alternatvie~~ fuels in a diesel car on the internet]		*[http://www.bio-power.co.uk One of the best guides for beginners and those with the technical knowledge on the internet for using alternative fuels in a diesel car on the internet]
	*[http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/us/fuel.html DieselNet.com: US Diesel Fuel]		*[http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/us/fuel.html DieselNet.com: US Diesel Fuel]
	*[http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/eu/fuel.html DieselNet.com: EU Diesel Fuel]		*[http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/eu/fuel.html DieselNet.com: EU Diesel Fuel]
	*[http://www.cumminsracing.com Diesel Engine Potential Perfomance example is shown here using Biodiesel through Diesel Drag Racing]		*[http://www.cumminsracing.com Diesel Engine Potential Perfomance example is shown here using Biodiesel through Diesel Drag Racing]
	[[Category:engine technology]]		[[Category:engine technology]]

Red marquis at 01:50, 22 August 2009

2009-08-22T01:50:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:50, 22 August 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Diesel''' or '''Diesel fuel''' is a specific ~~[[fractional distillation\|~~fractional distillate]] of fuel oil (mostly [[petroleum]]) that is used as fuel in a [[diesel engine]] invented by German engineer [[Rudolf Diesel]]. Although diesel generally refers to a fossil based fuel, Rudolf's first engines ran on peanut oil, which today might be referred to as biodiesel. The term typically refers to fuel that has been processed from petroleum, but increasingly, alternatives such as [[biodiesel]] or biomass to liquid (BTL) or gas to liquid (GTL) diesel that are not derived from petroleum are being developed and adopted.		'''Diesel''' or '''Diesel fuel''' is a specific fractional distillate of fuel oil (mostly petroleum) that is used as fuel in a [[diesel engine]] invented by German engineer [[Rudolf Diesel]]. Although diesel generally refers to a fossil based fuel, Rudolf's first engines ran on peanut oil, which today might be referred to as biodiesel. The term typically refers to fuel that has been processed from petroleum, but increasingly, alternatives such as [[biodiesel]] or biomass to liquid (BTL) or gas to liquid (GTL) diesel that are not derived from petroleum are being developed and adopted.

	== Petroleum diesel ==		== Petroleum diesel ==

Dieseldrag: /* External links */

2007-02-10T14:26:25Z

External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:26, 10 February 2007
Line 70:		Line 70:
	*[http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/us/fuel.html DieselNet.com: US Diesel Fuel]		*[http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/us/fuel.html DieselNet.com: US Diesel Fuel]
	*[http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/eu/fuel.html DieselNet.com: EU Diesel Fuel]		*[http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/eu/fuel.html DieselNet.com: EU Diesel Fuel]
	*[http://www.cumminsracing.com Diesel Engine Potential Perfomance example is shown here using Biodiesel		*[http://www.cumminsracing.com Diesel Engine Potential Perfomance example is shown here using Biodiesel through Diesel Drag Racing]
	[[Category:engine technology]]		[[Category:engine technology]]

Dieseldrag: /* External links */

2007-02-10T14:25:20Z

External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:25, 10 February 2007
Line 70:		Line 70:
	*[http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/us/fuel.html DieselNet.com: US Diesel Fuel]		*[http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/us/fuel.html DieselNet.com: US Diesel Fuel]
	*[http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/eu/fuel.html DieselNet.com: EU Diesel Fuel]		*[http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/eu/fuel.html DieselNet.com: EU Diesel Fuel]
			*[http://www.cumminsracing.com Diesel Engine Potential Perfomance example is shown here using Biodiesel
	[[Category:engine technology]]		[[Category:engine technology]]

Johnmba at 01:34, 10 August 2006

2006-08-10T01:34:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:34, 10 August 2006
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Diesel''' or '''Diesel fuel''' is a specific [[fractional distillation\|fractional distillate]] of fuel oil (mostly [[petroleum]]) that is used as fuel in a [[diesel engine]] invented by German engineer [[Rudolf Diesel]]. The term typically refers to fuel that has been processed from petroleum, but increasingly, alternatives such as [[biodiesel]] or biomass to liquid (BTL) or gas to liquid (GTL) diesel that are not derived from petroleum are being developed and adopted.		'''Diesel''' or '''Diesel fuel''' is a specific [[fractional distillation\|fractional distillate]] of fuel oil (mostly [[petroleum]]) that is used as fuel in a [[diesel engine]] invented by German engineer [[Rudolf Diesel]]. Although diesel generally refers to a fossil based fuel, Rudolf's first engines ran on peanut oil, which today might be referred to as biodiesel. The term typically refers to fuel that has been processed from petroleum, but increasingly, alternatives such as [[biodiesel]] or biomass to liquid (BTL) or gas to liquid (GTL) diesel that are not derived from petroleum are being developed and adopted.

	== Petroleum diesel ==		== Petroleum diesel ==

Nstohlma: /* Petroleum diesel */

2006-08-02T12:25:18Z

Petroleum diesel

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:25, 2 August 2006
Line 6:		Line 6:
	The density of diesel is about 850 grams per liter whereas gasoline has a density of about 720 g/l, or about 15% less. When burnt, diesel typically releases about 40.9 megajoules (MJ) per liter, whereas gasoline releases 34.8 MJ/L, also about 15% less. Diesel is generally simpler to refine than [[gasoline]] and often costs less (although price fluctuations often mean that the inverse is true; for example, the cost of diesel traditionally rises during colder months as demand for heating oil, which is refined much the same way, rises).		The density of diesel is about 850 grams per liter whereas gasoline has a density of about 720 g/l, or about 15% less. When burnt, diesel typically releases about 40.9 megajoules (MJ) per liter, whereas gasoline releases 34.8 MJ/L, also about 15% less. Diesel is generally simpler to refine than [[gasoline]] and often costs less (although price fluctuations often mean that the inverse is true; for example, the cost of diesel traditionally rises during colder months as demand for heating oil, which is refined much the same way, rises).

	Diesel fuel, however, often contains higher quantities of sulfur. [[European emission standards]] and preferential taxation have forced oil refineries to dramatically reduce the level of sulfur in diesel fuels. In contrast, the ~~[nited~~ States has long had "dirtier" diesel, although more stringent emission standards have been adopted with the transition to [[ultra-low sulfur diesel]] (ULSD) starting in 2006 and becoming mandatory on June 1, 2010 (see also [[diesel exhaust]]). U.S. diesel fuel typically also has a lower cetane number (a measure of ignition quality) than European diesel, resulting in worse cold weather performance and some increase in emissions.		Diesel fuel, however, often contains higher quantities of sulfur. [[European emission standards]] and preferential taxation have forced oil refineries to dramatically reduce the level of sulfur in diesel fuels. In contrast, the United States has long had "dirtier" diesel, although more stringent emission standards have been adopted with the transition to [[ultra-low sulfur diesel]] (ULSD) starting in 2006 and becoming mandatory on June 1, 2010 (see also [[diesel exhaust]]). U.S. diesel fuel typically also has a lower cetane number (a measure of ignition quality) than European diesel, resulting in worse cold weather performance and some increase in emissions.
	High levels of sulfur in diesel are harmful for the environment. It prevents the use of catalytic diesel particulate filters to control diesel particulate emissions, as well as more advanced technologies, such as nitrogen oxide ([[NOx]]) adsorbers (still under development), to reduce emissions. However, lowering sulfur also reduces the lubricity of the fuel, meaning that additives must be put into the fuel to help lubricate engines. [[Biodiesel]] is an effective lubricant.		High levels of sulfur in diesel are harmful for the environment. It prevents the use of catalytic diesel particulate filters to control diesel particulate emissions, as well as more advanced technologies, such as nitrogen oxide ([[NOx]]) adsorbers (still under development), to reduce emissions. However, lowering sulfur also reduces the lubricity of the fuel, meaning that additives must be put into the fuel to help lubricate engines. [[Biodiesel]] is an effective lubricant.
	Diesel contains approximately 18% more energy per unit of volume than [[gasoline]], which, along with the greater efficiency of diesel engines, contributes to [[fuel economy]] (distance traveled per volume of fuel consumed).		Diesel contains approximately 18% more energy per unit of volume than [[gasoline]], which, along with the greater efficiency of diesel engines, contributes to [[fuel economy]] (distance traveled per volume of fuel consumed).