Red marquis: /* See also */

2010-05-23T17:46:31Z

Red marquis at 17:42, 23 May 2010

2010-05-23T17:42:48Z

Red marquis: /* Europe */

2010-05-22T06:12:42Z

Europe

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:12, 22 May 2010
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	===Europe===		===Europe===
	{{Main\|European driving licence}}		{{Main\|European driving licence}}
	{{~~seealso~~\|Driving licence in the United Kingdom}}		{{See also\|Driving licence in the United Kingdom}}

	====Romania====		====Romania====
	{{Main\|Driving licence in Romania}}		{{Main\|Driving licence in Romania}}

Red marquis: /* History */

2010-05-22T06:11:07Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:11, 22 May 2010
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	==History==		==History==

	The first driver's license of sorts was issued to the inventor of the modern automobile, [[Karl Benz]], in 1888. Because the noise and smell of his ''Benz Patent Motorwagen\|Motorwagen'' resulted in complaints by the citizens of Mannheim, Benz requested and received written permission by the ~~[[Grand Duchy of Baden\|~~Grand Ducal]] authorities to operate his car on public roads.<ref name="spiegel2008">{{cite web\|url=http://einestages.spiegel.de/static/authoralbumbackground/2471/der_lappen_hat_geburtstag.html\|title=Der Lappen, der die Welt bedeutet\|last=Lutteroth\|first=Johanna \|work=einestages\|publisher=Spiegel Online\|language=German\|accessdate=2008-08-02}}</ref>		The first driver's license of sorts was issued to the inventor of the modern automobile, [[Karl Benz]], in 1888. Because the noise and smell of his ''Benz Patent Motorwagen\|Motorwagen'' resulted in complaints by the citizens of Mannheim, Benz requested and received written permission by the Grand Ducal authorities to operate his car on public roads.<ref name="spiegel2008">{{cite web\|url=http://einestages.spiegel.de/static/authoralbumbackground/2471/der_lappen_hat_geburtstag.html\|title=Der Lappen, der die Welt bedeutet\|last=Lutteroth\|first=Johanna \|work=einestages\|publisher=Spiegel Online\|language=German\|accessdate=2008-08-02}}</ref>

	Up until the start of the 20th century, European authorities issued driver's licences similarly ''ad hoc,'' if at all.<ref name="spiegel2008"/> The first locality to require a mandatory driving licence and testing was Prussia, on 29 September 1903. The ''Dampfkesselüberwachungsverein'' ("steam boiler supervision association") was charged with conducting the tests, which were mainly concerned with the drivers' mechanical aptitude.<ref name="spiegel2008"/> In 1910, the German imperial government mandated the licensing of drivers on a national scale, establishing a system of tests and [[driver's education]] requirements that would serve as a model for the licensing laws of other countries.<ref name="spiegel2008"/>		Up until the start of the 20th century, European authorities issued driver's licences similarly ''ad hoc,'' if at all.<ref name="spiegel2008"/> The first locality to require a mandatory driving licence and testing was Prussia, on 29 September 1903. The ''Dampfkesselüberwachungsverein'' ("steam boiler supervision association") was charged with conducting the tests, which were mainly concerned with the drivers' mechanical aptitude.<ref name="spiegel2008"/> In 1910, the German imperial government mandated the licensing of drivers on a national scale, establishing a system of tests and [[driver's education]] requirements that would serve as a model for the licensing laws of other countries.<ref name="spiegel2008"/>

Red marquis at 06:10, 22 May 2010

2010-05-22T06:10:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:10, 22 May 2010
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	A '''driver's license''' (USA), '''driver's licence''' (Canada), or '''driving licence''' (UK, Ireland, rest of Commonwealth~~) (see [[American and British English spelling differences#-ce, -se\|spelling differences]]~~) is an official document which states that a person may [[driving\|operate]] a motorized vehicle, such as a [[motorcycle]], [[automobile\|car]], [[truck]] or a [[bus]]. Due to most Americans and Canadians possessing valid driving licenses, the driving license has become the [[de facto]] standard form of picture ~~[[Identity document\|~~identification]] in those countries. The laws relating to driver's licensing vary between jurisdictions. In some jurisdictions, a driving license is issued after the recipient has passed a [[driving test]], while in others, a person acquires a license before beginning to drive. Different categories of license often exist for different types of motor vehicles, particularly large trucks and passenger vehicles. The difficulty of the driving test varies considerably between jurisdictions, as do factors such as age and the required level of practice.		A '''driver's license''' (USA), '''driver's licence''' (Canada), or '''driving licence''' (UK, Ireland, rest of Commonwealth) is an official document which states that a person may [[driving\|operate]] a motorized vehicle, such as a motorcycle, [[automobile\|car]], [[truck]] or a [[bus]]. Due to most Americans and Canadians possessing valid driving licenses, the driving license has become the de facto standard form of picture identification in those countries. The laws relating to driver's licensing vary between jurisdictions. In some jurisdictions, a driving license is issued after the recipient has passed a [[driving test]], while in others, a person acquires a license before beginning to drive. Different categories of license often exist for different types of motor vehicles, particularly large trucks and passenger vehicles. The difficulty of the driving test varies considerably between jurisdictions, as do factors such as age and the required level of practice.

	==Name variations==		==Name variations==
	Driving licenses go by several different names, used both colloquially and formally. ''Driver's licence'' is used in [[Canada]]; ''driving license'' and ''driver license'' are used in the [[United States]]. The form ''driver licence'' is found in [[New Zealand]] and [[Australia]] (being introduced).~~{{Citation needed\|date=April 2009}}~~ Conversely almost all Australians refer to it as a driver's licence. ''Driving licence'' is used in the [[United Kingdom]], the [[Republic of Ireland]], [[Malta]], in [[European Union]] official usage, and in former British colonies such as [[Hong Kong]], [[India]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Singapore]].		Driving licenses go by several different names, used both colloquially and formally. ''Driver's licence'' is used in Canada; ''driving license'' and ''driver license'' are used in the United States. The form ''driver licence'' is found in New Zealand and Australia (being introduced). Conversely almost all Australians refer to it as a driver's licence. ''Driving licence'' is used in the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, Malta, in European Union official usage, and in former British colonies such as Hong Kong, India, Pakistan and Singapore.

	==History==		==History==
	~~[[Image:Karl Benz Führerschein.jpg\|thumb\|The world's first drivers' licence, issued to [[Karl Benz]] upon his request.]]~~

	The first driver's license of sorts was issued to the inventor of the modern automobile, [[Karl Benz]], in 1888. Because the noise and smell of his ''[[Benz Patent Motorwagen\|Motorwagen]]'' resulted in complaints by the citizens of [[Mannheim]], Benz requested and received written permission by the [[Grand Duchy of Baden\|Grand Ducal]] authorities to operate his car on public roads.<ref name="spiegel2008">{{cite web\|url=http://einestages.spiegel.de/static/authoralbumbackground/2471/der_lappen_hat_geburtstag.html\|title=Der Lappen, der die Welt bedeutet\|last=Lutteroth\|first=Johanna \|work=einestages\|publisher=[[Spiegel Online]]\|language=German\|accessdate=2008-08-02}}</ref>		The first driver's license of sorts was issued to the inventor of the modern automobile, [[Karl Benz]], in 1888. Because the noise and smell of his ''Benz Patent Motorwagen\|Motorwagen'' resulted in complaints by the citizens of Mannheim, Benz requested and received written permission by the [[Grand Duchy of Baden\|Grand Ducal]] authorities to operate his car on public roads.<ref name="spiegel2008">{{cite web\|url=http://einestages.spiegel.de/static/authoralbumbackground/2471/der_lappen_hat_geburtstag.html\|title=Der Lappen, der die Welt bedeutet\|last=Lutteroth\|first=Johanna \|work=einestages\|publisher=Spiegel Online\|language=German\|accessdate=2008-08-02}}</ref>

	Up until the start of the 20th century, European authorities issued driver's licences similarly ''ad hoc,'' if at all.<ref name="spiegel2008"/> The first locality to require a mandatory driving licence and testing was [[Prussia]], on 29 September 1903. The ''Dampfkesselüberwachungsverein'' ("steam boiler supervision association") was charged with conducting the tests, which were mainly concerned with the drivers' mechanical aptitude.<ref name="spiegel2008"/> In 1910, the ~~[[Germany\|~~German]] imperial government mandated the licensing of drivers on a national scale, establishing a system of tests and [[driver's education]] requirements that would serve as a model for the licensing laws of other countries.<ref name="spiegel2008"/>		Up until the start of the 20th century, European authorities issued driver's licences similarly ''ad hoc,'' if at all.<ref name="spiegel2008"/> The first locality to require a mandatory driving licence and testing was Prussia, on 29 September 1903. The ''Dampfkesselüberwachungsverein'' ("steam boiler supervision association") was charged with conducting the tests, which were mainly concerned with the drivers' mechanical aptitude.<ref name="spiegel2008"/> In 1910, the German imperial government mandated the licensing of drivers on a national scale, establishing a system of tests and [[driver's education]] requirements that would serve as a model for the licensing laws of other countries.<ref name="spiegel2008"/>

	As automobile-related fatalities soared in [[North America]], public outcry provoked legislators to begin studying the French and German statutes as models.<ref>Anonymous, "Better Auto Laws Are Now Needed," ''[[New York Times]]'', 18 August 1907, S3.</ref> On August 1, 1910, North America's first driver's licensing law went into effect in the U.S. state of New York, though it initially applied only to professional [[chauffeur]]s.<ref>Frederick H. Elliott, "Working Out New Auto Law In New York," ''[[New York Times]] 16 October 1910, 3.</ref> In July 1913, the state of New Jersey became the first to require ''all'' drivers to pass a mandatory examination before receiving a license.<ref>{{cite news \|title=New York's Auto Exports Increase-Big Jump in Cars Shipped Last Year-New Jersey Examines All Drivers \|publisher=[[New York Times]] \|date=1913-07-14 \|pages=11 \|accessdate=2009-06-03 \|url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9B07E5DF113CE633A25757C1A9619C946296D6CF \| format=PDF}}</ref>		As automobile-related fatalities soared in North America, public outcry provoked legislators to begin studying the French and German statutes as models.<ref>Anonymous, "Better Auto Laws Are Now Needed," ''New York Times'', 18 August 1907, S3.</ref> On August 1, 1910, North America's first driver's licensing law went into effect in the U.S. state of New York, though it initially applied only to professional [[chauffeur]]s.<ref>Frederick H. Elliott, "Working Out New Auto Law In New York," ''New York Times 16 October 1910, 3.</ref> In July 1913, the state of New Jersey became the first to require ''all'' drivers to pass a mandatory examination before receiving a license.<ref>{{cite news \|title=New York's Auto Exports Increase-Big Jump in Cars Shipped Last Year-New Jersey Examines All Drivers \|publisher=[[New York Times]] \|date=1913-07-14 \|pages=11 \|accessdate=2009-06-03 \|url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9B07E5DF113CE633A25757C1A9619C946296D6CF \| format=PDF}}</ref>

	==Identification==		==Identification==
	[[File:Bangladeshi_Non-professional_Driver's_License.JPG\|thumb\|left\|200px\|A non-professional driving licence of [[Bangladesh]]. Driving licence in Bangladesh is considered as a standard form of identification as good as the [[Bangladesh passport\|passport]].]]
	Because a large number of countries, including [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Canada]], the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[United States]] have no national [[identification card]]s and because of the widespread use of cars, driving licenses are often used as a ''[[de facto]]'' standard form of identification.		Because a large number of countries, including [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Canada]], the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[United States]] have no national [[identification card]]s and because of the widespread use of cars, driving licenses are often used as a ''[[de facto]]'' standard form of identification.

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	==Licenses for different categories of vehicles==		==Licenses for different categories of vehicles==
	~~[[Image:Fahrerlaubnisklassen.png\|thumb\|80px\|right\|Driving licenses within the [[European Union]] are subdivided into different categories.]]~~
	In a number of countries (including the United States, New Zealand and some provinces of Canada) people who drive commercially (especially [[truck]]ers and [[taxicab\|taxi]] drivers) are required to have special licenses. For taxicab drivers, these licenses are usually called Chauffeur Permits. In most cases, commercial truckers must hold a [[commercial driver's license\|commercial driving license]] or CDL. In India, a commercial driving license is valid for 5 years while an individual license is valid for 20 years. In the United Kingdom, one must hold a Passenger Carrying Vehicle (PCV) license to drive a vehicle with more than eight passenger seats for hire or reward, or a Large Goods Vehicle (LGV) license to drive a vehicle with a Gross Vehicle Weight (Maximum Authorized Mass) in excess of 3 500 kg. Special licenses can also be required in order to transport [[hazardous materials]]. The cost of taking the series of tests and examinations to obtain these licenses usually means that an employer would subsidize his or her drivers.		In a number of countries (including the United States, New Zealand and some provinces of Canada) people who drive commercially (especially [[truck]]ers and [[taxicab\|taxi]] drivers) are required to have special licenses. For taxicab drivers, these licenses are usually called Chauffeur Permits. In most cases, commercial truckers must hold a [[commercial driver's license\|commercial driving license]] or CDL. In India, a commercial driving license is valid for 5 years while an individual license is valid for 20 years. In the United Kingdom, one must hold a Passenger Carrying Vehicle (PCV) license to drive a vehicle with more than eight passenger seats for hire or reward, or a Large Goods Vehicle (LGV) license to drive a vehicle with a Gross Vehicle Weight (Maximum Authorized Mass) in excess of 3 500 kg. Special licenses can also be required in order to transport [[hazardous materials]]. The cost of taking the series of tests and examinations to obtain these licenses usually means that an employer would subsidize his or her drivers.

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	===Oceania===		===Oceania===
	====Australia====		====Australia====
	~~[[File:ACT Provisional Drivers Licence 2009.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A Provisional Driver Licence from the [[Australian Capital Territory]].]]~~
	{{Main\|Driver's licence in Australia}}		{{Main\|Driver's licence in Australia}}
	The minimum driving age varies between 16 to 18 years of age in different [[states and territories of Australia\|States and Territories]]. After the minimum age, a graduated licensing scheme operates, with State variations.		The minimum driving age varies between 16 to 18 years of age in different [[states and territories of Australia\|States and Territories]]. After the minimum age, a graduated licensing scheme operates, with State variations.
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	==== Canada ====		==== Canada ====
	[[British Columbia]] has a reciprocal license exchange scheme for other Canadian provinces and territories as well as the countries below provided the license is valid or has been expired for less than 3 years <ref> [http://www.icbc.com/licensing/lic_renew_replace_new.asp ICBC - Driver licensing]</ref> :		British Columbia has a reciprocal license exchange scheme for other Canadian provinces and territories as well as the countries below provided the license is valid or has been expired for less than 3 years <ref> [http://www.icbc.com/licensing/lic_renew_replace_new.asp ICBC - Driver licensing]</ref> :

	*[[Austria]]		*Austria
	*[[Germany]]		*Germany
	*[[Japan]]		*Japan
	*[[South Korea]]		*South Korea
	*[[Switzerland]]		*Switzerland
	*[[United States]]		*United States

	[[Ontario]] has a reciprocal license exchange scheme for Canadian provinces and territories, [[Canadian Forces Europe]], and the following countries<ref>[http://www.drivetest.ca/en/license/ExchangeReciprocal.aspx DriveTest - Exchanging a Reciprocal License]</ref>:		Ontario has a reciprocal license exchange scheme for Canadian provinces and territories, Canadian Forces Europe, and the following countries<ref>[http://www.drivetest.ca/en/license/ExchangeReciprocal.aspx DriveTest - Exchanging a Reciprocal License]</ref>:

	*[[Austria]]		*[[Austria]]

Red marquis at 06:03, 22 May 2010

2010-05-22T06:03:06Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:46, 23 May 2010
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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Commons category\|Driving licenses}}~~
	* [[Commercial driver's license\|Commercial driving licence]]		* [[Commercial driver's license\|Commercial driving licence]]
	* [[Driver's Education]]		* [[Driver's Education]]