Red marquis at 03:15, 1 November 2010

2010-11-01T03:15:52Z

New page

'''Fender skirts''', known in Australia and the United Kingdom as '''spats''', are pieces of [[Coachwork|bodywork]] on the [[fender]] that cover the upper portions of the rear tires of an automobile.

==Functions==

Fender skirts are implemented for both aesthetic and [[Automotive aerodynamics|aerodynamic]] reasons. Rather than air flowing into and being trapped in the rear wheel well, it flows smoothly over the bodywork. They are typically detachable to allow for tire changes. Automakers have also experimented with front wheel [[fender]] skirts, as on the 1950-1954 [[Nash Rambler]], but with success limited by the fact that the front wheels must pivot for steering, extending out from the side of the vehicle slightly.

==History==

First described as "pants", they were used for the streamlining effect by [[Frank Lockhart]] on a 1928 Stutz land speed record attempt car.<ref>Schultz, Mort. "Body/Chassis: a Century of Progress" ''Popular Mechanics'', October 1985, page 59.</ref> Factory production of fender skirts began with the 1932 [[Graham-Paige]]<ref>{{cite book | last = Berger
| first = Michael L.
| title = The automobile in American history and culture: A Reference Guide
| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
| year = 2001
| page = 417
| isbn = 9780313245589 }}</ref>. Aesthetically streamlined designs were copied to mass-produced models.<ref name=opium>{{cite book | last = Gartman
| first = David
| title = Auto Opium: A Social History of American Automobile Design
| publisher = Taylor & Francis, Inc
| year = 1994
| pages = 118–121
| isbn = 9780415105729 }}</ref> The innovations introduced by [[Amos Northup]], such as the V'd radiators, fender skirts, and sloping beaver-tails, became common after 1933.<ref name=opium/> However, by the 1970s, fender skirts began to disappear from mass market automobiles. Fender skirts remained for some time longer on a few cars, particularly large American luxury cars.

Fender skirts were often paired with [[whitewall tire]]s. The extent of the skirt also varied, before the 1950s it was common for all but the very bottom of the rear tire to be covered, while by the 1960s fender skirts only covered some of the top of the tire, and were largely absent afterwards. For example, up until 1996, the [[Chevrolet Caprice]], [[Oldsmobile 98]], [[Buick Skylark]], [[Oldsmobile Achieva]], [[Buick Roadmaster]], [[Cadillac Deville]], [[Cadillac Fleetwood]], and [[General Motors EV1]] all had fender skirts. However, most of these models were eliminated after 1997 (Although the Deville name survived, but was redesigned and the fender skirts were removed).

In European automobile design, [[Citroën]] notably used fender skirts on nearly all models produced between 1950 and 1990, most prominently in the [[Citroën DS|DS]], [[Citroën 2CV|2CV]], [[Citroën Ami|Ami]], [[Citroën GS|GS]], [[Citroën SM|SM]], [[Citroën BX|BX]] and [[Citroën CX|CX]].

As of 2009, the last car produced with common fender skirts was the 1999-2006 [[Honda Insight]], although they are available for some new cars as aftermarket accessories.

Some cities, such as Los Angeles, have fender skirts on municipal buses for safety purposes, as they can prevent items in the road from slipping under the tires.

==See Also==

{{CarDesign nav}}

[[Category:Automotive body parts]]

{{automotive-part-stub}}

Fender skirts - Revision history

Red marquis at 03:15, 1 November 2010