Formula One - Revision history

Red marquis: /* External links */

2010-07-07T09:57:10Z

External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:57, 7 July 2010
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	* [http://www.grandprix.com/ GrandPrix.com] — F1 news and a Grand Prix encyclopedia		* [http://www.grandprix.com/ GrandPrix.com] — F1 news and a Grand Prix encyclopedia
	* [http://www.formula1review.com/ Formula 1 Review] - Offers F1 news, statistics, quotes, profiles and a community forum		* [http://www.formula1review.com/ Formula 1 Review] - Offers F1 news, statistics, quotes, profiles and a community forum
	* [http://www.itv.com/f1 ITV.com/F1] — News, pictures, and commentary from [[ITV]], F1's British broadcasters; also from [[Matt Bishop]] and [[F1 Racing]] magazine		* [http://www.itv.com/f1 ITV.com/F1] — News, pictures, and commentary from ITV, F1's British broadcasters; also from [[Matt Bishop]] and [[F1 Racing]] magazine
	* [http://www.mergetek.com/grabmap.aspx?CategoryID=33 mergetek.com] — Aerial Views of Formula 1 (F1) Tracks via Google Maps		* [http://www.mergetek.com/grabmap.aspx?CategoryID=33 mergetek.com] — Aerial Views of Formula 1 (F1) Tracks via Google Maps
	* [http://www.pitpass.com/ Pitpass] — News, results, analysis, discussion forum		* [http://www.pitpass.com/ Pitpass] — News, results, analysis, discussion forum

KangarooKyle: /* The Breakaway (2009–) */

2010-03-25T07:34:16Z

The Breakaway (2009–)

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:34, 25 March 2010
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	On June 19, 2009, it was announced that eight manufacturers ([[Scuderia Ferrari\|Ferrari]], [[Team McLaren\|McLaren]], [[BMW Sauber\|BMW]], [[Renault F1\|Renault]], [[Red Bull Racing\|Red Bull]], [[Scuderia Toro Rosso\|Toro Rosso]], [[Toyota F1\|Toyota]] and [[BrawnGP]]) will create a breakaway series under [[Formula One Teams Association\|FOTA]] organization.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8108488.stm \|title=F1 teams drop breakaway bombshell \|publisher=BBC \|date=June 19, 2009 \|accessdate=June 19, 2009}}</ref> The teams disagreed with the way the FIA decided in what direction the Formula One should go, and thus feeling the need to create a own championship.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/76292 \|title=FOTA teams to launch breakaway series \|publisher=[[Autosport]] \|date=June 19, 2009 \|accessdate=June 19, 2009}}</ref>		On June 19, 2009, it was announced that eight manufacturers ([[Scuderia Ferrari\|Ferrari]], [[Team McLaren\|McLaren]], [[BMW Sauber\|BMW]], [[Renault F1\|Renault]], [[Red Bull Racing\|Red Bull]], [[Scuderia Toro Rosso\|Toro Rosso]], [[Toyota F1\|Toyota]] and [[BrawnGP]]) will create a breakaway series under [[Formula One Teams Association\|FOTA]] organization.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8108488.stm \|title=F1 teams drop breakaway bombshell \|publisher=BBC \|date=June 19, 2009 \|accessdate=June 19, 2009}}</ref> The teams disagreed with the way the FIA decided in what direction the Formula One should go, and thus feeling the need to create a own championship.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/76292 \|title=FOTA teams to launch breakaway series \|publisher=[[Autosport]] \|date=June 19, 2009 \|accessdate=June 19, 2009}}</ref>

	Because of that, [[2010 Formula One season]] ~~will~~ only have privateers, and no car manufacturers.		Because of that, [[2010 Formula One season]] would have had only have privateers, and no car manufacturers.

	=== Outside the World Championship ===		=== Outside the World Championship ===

KangarooKyle: /* Gallery */

2010-03-23T08:18:51Z

Gallery

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:18, 23 March 2010
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	==Gallery==		==Gallery==
	<gallery>		<gallery>
	~~Image:~~Image:Mercedes-SLS-AMG-Gullwing-Safety-Car-16small.jpg\|The F1 Safety Car; a Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG.		Image:Mercedes-SLS-AMG-Gullwing-Safety-Car-16small.jpg\|The F1 Safety Car; a Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG.
	</gallery>		</gallery>

KangarooKyle: /* Gallery */

2010-03-23T08:18:25Z

Gallery

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:18, 23 March 2010
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	==Gallery==		==Gallery==
	<gallery>		<gallery>
	Image:~~F1 safety race clk63~~.jpg\|The F1 Safety Car; a Mercedes-Benz ~~CLK63~~ AMG.		Image:Image:Mercedes-SLS-AMG-Gullwing-Safety-Car-16small.jpg\|The F1 Safety Car; a Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG.
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Red marquis: /* External links */

2009-06-20T15:06:03Z

External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:06, 20 June 2009
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	* [http://www.autoblog.com/2009/06/18/breaking-formula-1-teams-association-announces-breakaway-series/ BREAKING: Formula 1 Teams Association announces breakaway series for 2010]		* [http://www.autoblog.com/2009/06/18/breaking-formula-1-teams-association-announces-breakaway-series/ BREAKING: Formula 1 Teams Association announces breakaway series for 2010]
	* [http://www.worldcarfans.com/9090619.002/official-fota-announce-breakaway-series-for-2010 Official: FOTA Announce Breakaway Series for 2010]		* [http://www.worldcarfans.com/9090619.002/official-fota-announce-breakaway-series-for-2010 Official: FOTA Announce Breakaway Series for 2010]
			* [http://www.autoblog.com/2009/06/19/that-didnt-take-long-fia-sues-the-fota-over-breakaway-series/ That didn't take long: FIA sues the FOTA over breakaway series]

	; History		; History
	* [http://www.4mula1.ro Formula 1 History] — All results since 1950, articles, statistics, compare drivers, preview for next races ...		* [http://www.4mula1.ro Formula 1 History] — All results since 1950, articles, statistics, compare drivers, preview for next races ...
	* [http://www.ddavid.com/formula1/ Grand Prix History] — The history of Grand Prix Racing through the lives of its greatest drivers, people and events.		* [http://www.ddavid.com/formula1/ Grand Prix History] — The history of Grand Prix Racing through the lives of its greatest drivers, people and events.

Red marquis: /* Big business (1981–2000) */

2009-06-20T14:57:31Z

Big business (1981–2000)

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:57, 20 June 2009
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	Beginning in the 1970s, [[Bernie Ecclestone]] rearranged the management of Formula One's commercial rights; he is widely credited with transforming the sport into the billion-dollar business it is today.<ref name="guardian280397">{{cite news \|first=Richard \|last=Williams\|title=The Formula for Striking It Rich\|work=The Guardian \|publisher=Guardian Newspapers \|date=1997-03-28\|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref><ref name="mrformula">{{cite news \|title=Face value: Mr Formula \|page=72\|work=The Economist \|publisher=Economist Newspapers \|date=1997-03-05\|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> When Ecclestone bought the Brabham team in 1971 he gained a seat on the [[Formula One Constructors Association\|Formula One Constructors' Association]] and in 1978 became its President. Previously the circuit owners controlled the income of the teams and negotiated with each individually, however Ecclestone persuaded the teams to "hunt as a pack" through FOCA.<ref name="mrformula"/> He offered Formula One to circuit owners as a package which they could take or leave. In return for the package almost all are required to surrender trackside advertising.<ref name="guardian280397"/>		Beginning in the 1970s, [[Bernie Ecclestone]] rearranged the management of Formula One's commercial rights; he is widely credited with transforming the sport into the billion-dollar business it is today.<ref name="guardian280397">{{cite news \|first=Richard \|last=Williams\|title=The Formula for Striking It Rich\|work=The Guardian \|publisher=Guardian Newspapers \|date=1997-03-28\|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref><ref name="mrformula">{{cite news \|title=Face value: Mr Formula \|page=72\|work=The Economist \|publisher=Economist Newspapers \|date=1997-03-05\|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> When Ecclestone bought the Brabham team in 1971 he gained a seat on the [[Formula One Constructors Association\|Formula One Constructors' Association]] and in 1978 became its President. Previously the circuit owners controlled the income of the teams and negotiated with each individually, however Ecclestone persuaded the teams to "hunt as a pack" through FOCA.<ref name="mrformula"/> He offered Formula One to circuit owners as a package which they could take or leave. In return for the package almost all are required to surrender trackside advertising.<ref name="guardian280397"/>

	The formation of the [[Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile]] (FISA) in 1979 set off the [[FISA-FOCA war]], during which FISA and its president [[Jean-Marie Balestre]] clashed repeatedly with FOCA over television revenues and technical regulations.<ref>{{cite news \|first=John \|last=Blunsden \|title=Filling Balestre's shoes is no job for a back-seat driver \|work=Financial Times\|date=1986-12-20\|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' said of FOCA that Ecclestone and [[Max Mosley]] "used it to wage a guerrilla war with a very long-term aim in view." FOCA threatened to set up a rival series, boycotted a Grand Prix and FISA withdrew its sanction from races.<ref name="guardian280397"/> The result was the 1981 Concorde Agreement, which guaranteed technical stability, as teams were to be given reasonable notice of new regulations.<ref>Roebuck, Nigel "Power struggles and techno wars" Sunday Times 1993-03-07</ref> Although FISA asserted its right to the TV revenues, it handed the administration of those rights to FOCA.~~{{Fact\|date=November 2007}}~~		The formation of the [[Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile]] (FISA) in 1979 set off the [[FISA-FOCA war]], during which FISA and its president [[Jean-Marie Balestre]] clashed repeatedly with FOCA over television revenues and technical regulations.<ref>{{cite news \|first=John \|last=Blunsden \|title=Filling Balestre's shoes is no job for a back-seat driver \|work=Financial Times\|date=1986-12-20\|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' said of FOCA that Ecclestone and [[Max Mosley]] "used it to wage a guerrilla war with a very long-term aim in view." FOCA threatened to set up a rival series, boycotted a Grand Prix and FISA withdrew its sanction from races.<ref name="guardian280397"/> The result was the 1981 Concorde Agreement, which guaranteed technical stability, as teams were to be given reasonable notice of new regulations.<ref>Roebuck, Nigel "Power struggles and techno wars" Sunday Times 1993-03-07</ref> Although FISA asserted its right to the TV revenues, it handed the administration of those rights to FOCA.

	FISA imposed a ban on ground effect aerodynamics in [[1983 Formula One season\|1983]].<ref>{{cite news \|first=Maurice\|last=Hamilton\|title=Pros and cons of being just Williams; A quiet achiever keeps his head down as the new season gets under way with familiar high anxiety and a squealing over brakes \|work=The Observer \|publisher=Guardian Newspapers\|date=1998-03-08\|accessdate=2007-11-08}}</ref> By then, however, [[turbocharger\|turbocharged]] engines, which [[Renault F1\|Renault]] had pioneered in [[1977 Formula One season\|1977]], were producing over 700 bhp and were essential to be competitive. By [[1986 Formula One season\|1986]], a BMW turbocharged engine achieved a flash reading of 5.5 bar pressure, estimated to be over 1300 bhp <!--By who?--> in qualifying for the [[1986 Italian Grand Prix\|Italian Grand Prix]]. The following year power in race trim reached around 1100 bhp, with boost pressure limited to only 4.0 bar.<ref>{{cite book \| last = Bamsey\| first = Ian\| coauthors = Benzing, Enrico; Stanniforth, Allan; Lawrence, Mike\| title = The 1000 BHP Grand Prix cars\| publisher = Guild Publishing \|year=1988\| pages=8–9\| isbn = 0854296174}} BMW's performance at the Italian GP is the highest qualifying figure given in Bamsey. The estimate is from [[Heini Mader]], who maintained the engines for the [[Benetton Formula\|Benetton]] team. It should be noted that maximum power figures from this period are necessarily estimates; BMW's [[dynamometer]], for example, was only capable of measuring up to 1100 bhp. Figures higher than this are estimated from engine plenum pressure readings. Power in race trim at that time was lower than for qualifying due to the need for greater reliability and fuel efficiency during the race.</ref> These cars were the most powerful [[open wheel car\|open-wheel]] circuit racing cars ever. To reduce engine power output and thus speeds, the FIA limited fuel tank capacity in [[1984 Formula One season\|1984]] and [[boost (automotive engineering)\|boost]] pressures in [[1988 Formula One season\|1988]] before banning turbocharged engines completely in [[1989 Formula One season\|1989]].<ref>{{cite news\|title=The technology behind Formula 1 racing cars \|work=The Press\|publisher=The Christchurch Press Company\|quote=rivalling the 1200hp turbocharged monsters that eventually had to be banned in 1989\|date=2005-12-26\|accessdate=2007-10-30}}</ref>		FISA imposed a ban on ground effect aerodynamics in [[1983 Formula One season\|1983]].<ref>{{cite news \|first=Maurice\|last=Hamilton\|title=Pros and cons of being just Williams; A quiet achiever keeps his head down as the new season gets under way with familiar high anxiety and a squealing over brakes \|work=The Observer \|publisher=Guardian Newspapers\|date=1998-03-08\|accessdate=2007-11-08}}</ref> By then, however, [[turbocharger\|turbocharged]] engines, which [[Renault F1\|Renault]] had pioneered in [[1977 Formula One season\|1977]], were producing over 700 bhp and were essential to be competitive. By [[1986 Formula One season\|1986]], a BMW turbocharged engine achieved a flash reading of 5.5 bar pressure, estimated to be over 1300 bhp <!--By who?--> in qualifying for the [[1986 Italian Grand Prix\|Italian Grand Prix]]. The following year power in race trim reached around 1100 bhp, with boost pressure limited to only 4.0 bar.<ref>{{cite book \| last = Bamsey\| first = Ian\| coauthors = Benzing, Enrico; Stanniforth, Allan; Lawrence, Mike\| title = The 1000 BHP Grand Prix cars\| publisher = Guild Publishing \|year=1988\| pages=8–9\| isbn = 0854296174}} BMW's performance at the Italian GP is the highest qualifying figure given in Bamsey. The estimate is from [[Heini Mader]], who maintained the engines for the [[Benetton Formula\|Benetton]] team. It should be noted that maximum power figures from this period are necessarily estimates; BMW's [[dynamometer]], for example, was only capable of measuring up to 1100 bhp. Figures higher than this are estimated from engine plenum pressure readings. Power in race trim at that time was lower than for qualifying due to the need for greater reliability and fuel efficiency during the race.</ref> These cars were the most powerful [[open wheel car\|open-wheel]] circuit racing cars ever. To reduce engine power output and thus speeds, the FIA limited fuel tank capacity in [[1984 Formula One season\|1984]] and [[boost (automotive engineering)\|boost]] pressures in [[1988 Formula One season\|1988]] before banning turbocharged engines completely in [[1989 Formula One season\|1989]].<ref>{{cite news\|title=The technology behind Formula 1 racing cars \|work=The Press\|publisher=The Christchurch Press Company\|quote=rivalling the 1200hp turbocharged monsters that eventually had to be banned in 1989\|date=2005-12-26\|accessdate=2007-10-30}}</ref>

Red marquis: /* The manufacturers' return (2000–2009) */

2009-06-20T14:48:03Z

The manufacturers' return (2000–2009)

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:48, 20 June 2009
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	During this period the championship rules were frequently changed by the FIA with the intention of improving the on-track action and cutting costs.<ref>{{cite web \|title=FIA Rules & Regulations Sporting Regulations: 2006 season changes \|publisher=Formula1.com \|url=http://www.formula1.com/insight/rulesandregs/13/995.html \|accessdate=2006-05-11}}</ref> Team orders, legal since the championship started in 1950, were banned in 2002 after several incidents in which teams openly manipulated race results, generating negative publicity, most famously by Ferrari at the [[2002 Austrian Grand Prix]]. Other changes included the qualifying format, the points scoring system, the technical regulations and rules specifying how long engines and tyres must last. A 'tyre war' between suppliers [[Michelin]] and [[Bridgestone]] saw lap times fall, although at the [[2005 United States Grand Prix]] at Indianapolis seven out of ten teams did not race when their Michelin tyres were deemed unsafe for use. During 2006, Max Mosley outlined a ‘green’ future for Formula One, in which efficient use of energy would become an important factor.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.fia.com/automotive/issue5/sport/article9.html \|title=The last of the non-championship races \|accessdate=2007-11-17 \|publisher=FORIX \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20061017063932/http://www.fia.com/automotive/issue5/sport/article9.html \|archivedate=2006-10-17}}</ref> And the tyre war ended, as Bridgestone became the sole tyre supplier to Formula One for the 2007 season.		During this period the championship rules were frequently changed by the FIA with the intention of improving the on-track action and cutting costs.<ref>{{cite web \|title=FIA Rules & Regulations Sporting Regulations: 2006 season changes \|publisher=Formula1.com \|url=http://www.formula1.com/insight/rulesandregs/13/995.html \|accessdate=2006-05-11}}</ref> Team orders, legal since the championship started in 1950, were banned in 2002 after several incidents in which teams openly manipulated race results, generating negative publicity, most famously by Ferrari at the [[2002 Austrian Grand Prix]]. Other changes included the qualifying format, the points scoring system, the technical regulations and rules specifying how long engines and tyres must last. A 'tyre war' between suppliers [[Michelin]] and [[Bridgestone]] saw lap times fall, although at the [[2005 United States Grand Prix]] at Indianapolis seven out of ten teams did not race when their Michelin tyres were deemed unsafe for use. During 2006, Max Mosley outlined a ‘green’ future for Formula One, in which efficient use of energy would become an important factor.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.fia.com/automotive/issue5/sport/article9.html \|title=The last of the non-championship races \|accessdate=2007-11-17 \|publisher=FORIX \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20061017063932/http://www.fia.com/automotive/issue5/sport/article9.html \|archivedate=2006-10-17}}</ref> And the tyre war ended, as Bridgestone became the sole tyre supplier to Formula One for the 2007 season.

	Since 1983, Formula One had been dominated by specialist race teams like Williams, McLaren and Benetton, using engines supplied by large car manufacturers like Mercedes-Benz, Honda, Renault and Ford. Starting in 2000, with Ford’s creation of the largely unsuccessful [[Jaguar Racing\|Jaguar]] team, new manufacturer-owned teams entered Formula One for the first time since the departure of [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One\|Alfa Romeo]] and Renault at the end of 1985. By 2006, the manufacturer teams–Renault, [[BMW Sauber\|BMW]], [[Toyota F1\|Toyota]], Honda and Ferrari–dominated the championship, taking five of the first six places in the constructors' championship. The sole exception was McLaren, which is part-owned by Mercedes Benz. Through the [[Grand Prix Manufacturers Association]] (GPMA) they negotiated a larger share of Formula One’s commercial profit and a greater say in the running of the sport.~~{{Fact\|date=October 2007}}~~		Since 1983, Formula One had been dominated by specialist race teams like Williams, McLaren and Benetton, using engines supplied by large car manufacturers like Mercedes-Benz, Honda, Renault and Ford. Starting in 2000, with Ford’s creation of the largely unsuccessful [[Jaguar Racing\|Jaguar]] team, new manufacturer-owned teams entered Formula One for the first time since the departure of [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One\|Alfa Romeo]] and Renault at the end of 1985. By 2006, the manufacturer teams–Renault, [[BMW Sauber\|BMW]], [[Toyota F1\|Toyota]], Honda and Ferrari–dominated the championship, taking five of the first six places in the constructors' championship. The sole exception was McLaren, which is part-owned by Mercedes Benz. Through the [[Grand Prix Manufacturers Association]] (GPMA) they negotiated a larger share of Formula One’s commercial profit and a greater say in the running of the sport.

	=== The Breakaway (2009–) ===		=== The Breakaway (2009–) ===

Red marquis: /* The return of racing (1950–1958) */

2009-06-20T14:46:35Z

The return of racing (1950–1958)

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:46, 20 June 2009
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	=== The return of racing (1950–1958)===		=== The return of racing (1950–1958)===
	[[Image:Fangio.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|[[Juan Manuel Fangio]] drove this [[Alfa-Romeo 159]] to the title in 1951.]]		[[Image:Fangio.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|[[Juan Manuel Fangio]] drove this [[Alfa-Romeo 159]] to the title in 1951.]]
	The first Formula One World Championship was won by Italian [[Giuseppe Farina]] in his [[Alfa Romeo ~~(Formula One)~~\|Alfa Romeo]] in [[1950 Formula One season\|1950]], barely defeating his Argentine teammate [[Juan Manuel Fangio]]. However Fangio won the title in [[1951 Formula One season\|1951]], [[1954 Formula One season\|1954]], [[1955 Formula One season\|1955]], [[1956 Formula One season\|1956]] & [[1957 Formula One season\|1957]] (His record of five World Championship titles stood for 45 years until German driver [[Michael Schumacher]] took his sixth title in 2003), his streak interrupted after an injury by two-time champion [[Alberto Ascari]] of [[Scuderia Ferrari\|Ferrari]]. Although the UK's [[Stirling Moss]] was able to compete regularly, he was never able to win the World Championship, and is now widely considered to be the greatest driver never to have won the title.<ref>{{cite news \|first=James\|last= Lawton\|title=Moss can guide Hamilton through chicane of celebrity \|work=The Independent \|publisher=Newspaper Publishing \|date=2007-08-28 \|accessdate=2007-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|first=Alan \|last=Henry\|title=Hamilton's chance to hit the grid running\| url=http://sport.guardian.co.uk/formulaone/story/0,,2032039,00.html \|work=The Guardian \|date=2007-03-12 \|accessdate=2007-10-30}}</ref> Fangio, however, is remembered for dominating Formula One's first decade and has long been considered the "grand master" of Formula One.		The first Formula One World Championship was won by Italian [[Giuseppe Farina]] in his [[Alfa Romeo\|Alfa Romeo]] in [[1950 Formula One season\|1950]], barely defeating his Argentine teammate [[Juan Manuel Fangio]]. However Fangio won the title in [[1951 Formula One season\|1951]], [[1954 Formula One season\|1954]], [[1955 Formula One season\|1955]], [[1956 Formula One season\|1956]] & [[1957 Formula One season\|1957]] (His record of five World Championship titles stood for 45 years until German driver [[Michael Schumacher]] took his sixth title in 2003), his streak interrupted after an injury by two-time champion [[Alberto Ascari]] of [[Scuderia Ferrari\|Ferrari]]. Although the UK's [[Stirling Moss]] was able to compete regularly, he was never able to win the World Championship, and is now widely considered to be the greatest driver never to have won the title.<ref>{{cite news \|first=James\|last= Lawton\|title=Moss can guide Hamilton through chicane of celebrity \|work=The Independent \|publisher=Newspaper Publishing \|date=2007-08-28 \|accessdate=2007-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|first=Alan \|last=Henry\|title=Hamilton's chance to hit the grid running\| url=http://sport.guardian.co.uk/formulaone/story/0,,2032039,00.html \|work=The Guardian \|date=2007-03-12 \|accessdate=2007-10-30}}</ref> Fangio, however, is remembered for dominating Formula One's first decade and has long been considered the "grand master" of Formula One.

	The period was dominated by teams run by road car manufacturers—Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, [[Mercedes-Benz motorsport\|Mercedes Benz]] and [[Maserati]] - all of whom had competed before the war. The first seasons were run using pre-war cars like Alfa's [[Alfa Romeo 158/159 Alfetta\|158]]. They were [[Front-engine design\|front engined]], with narrow treaded tyres and 1.5 litre supercharged or 4.5 litre naturally aspirated engines. The [[1952 Formula One season\|1952]] and [[1953 Formula One season\|1953]] world championships were run to [[Formula Two]] regulations, for smaller, less powerful cars, due to concerns over the number of Formula One cars available.<ref>{{cite web\|url = http://www.autocoursegpa.com/season_decade~decade_id~1.htm\|title = Decade seasons 1950 - 1959\|accessdate = 2007-11-17\|publisher = Autocourse\|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070807233339/http://www.autocoursegpa.com/season_decade~decade_id~1.htm\|archivedate = 2007-08-07}}</ref> When a new Formula One, for engines limited to 2.5 litres, was reinstated to the world championship in 1954, Mercedes-Benz introduced the advanced [[Mercedes-Benz W196\|W196]], which featured innovations such as [[desmodromic valve]]s and [[fuel injection]] as well as enclosed streamlined bodywork. Mercedes won the drivers championship for two years, before withdrawing from all motorsport in the wake of the [[1955 Le Mans disaster]].<ref>{{cite news \|first=Bill \|last=Tuckey \|title=Moss returns to scene of GP victory \|work=The Age \|publisher=The Age Company\|date=1994-01-28 \|accessdate=2007-10-30\|quote=the all-conquering Mercedes-Benz cars... When the Germans withdrew from racing after the Le Mans 24-hour tragedy}}</ref>		The period was dominated by teams run by road car manufacturers—Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, [[Mercedes-Benz motorsport\|Mercedes Benz]] and [[Maserati]] - all of whom had competed before the war. The first seasons were run using pre-war cars like Alfa's [[Alfa Romeo 158/159 Alfetta\|158]]. They were [[Front-engine design\|front engined]], with narrow treaded tyres and 1.5 litre supercharged or 4.5 litre naturally aspirated engines. The [[1952 Formula One season\|1952]] and [[1953 Formula One season\|1953]] world championships were run to [[Formula Two]] regulations, for smaller, less powerful cars, due to concerns over the number of Formula One cars available.<ref>{{cite web\|url = http://www.autocoursegpa.com/season_decade~decade_id~1.htm\|title = Decade seasons 1950 - 1959\|accessdate = 2007-11-17\|publisher = Autocourse\|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070807233339/http://www.autocoursegpa.com/season_decade~decade_id~1.htm\|archivedate = 2007-08-07}}</ref> When a new Formula One, for engines limited to 2.5 litres, was reinstated to the world championship in 1954, Mercedes-Benz introduced the advanced [[Mercedes-Benz W196\|W196]], which featured innovations such as [[desmodromic valve]]s and [[fuel injection]] as well as enclosed streamlined bodywork. Mercedes won the drivers championship for two years, before withdrawing from all motorsport in the wake of the [[1955 Le Mans disaster]].<ref>{{cite news \|first=Bill \|last=Tuckey \|title=Moss returns to scene of GP victory \|work=The Age \|publisher=The Age Company\|date=1994-01-28 \|accessdate=2007-10-30\|quote=the all-conquering Mercedes-Benz cars... When the Germans withdrew from racing after the Le Mans 24-hour tragedy}}</ref>

Red marquis: /* History */

2009-06-20T14:45:50Z

History

Show changes

Red marquis: /* History */

2009-06-20T14:27:52Z

History

Show changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:57, 20 June 2009
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	Beginning in the 1970s, [[Bernie Ecclestone]] rearranged the management of Formula One's commercial rights; he is widely credited with transforming the sport into the billion-dollar business it is today.<ref name="guardian280397">{{cite news \|first=Richard \|last=Williams\|title=The Formula for Striking It Rich\|work=The Guardian \|publisher=Guardian Newspapers \|date=1997-03-28\|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref><ref name="mrformula">{{cite news \|title=Face value: Mr Formula \|page=72\|work=The Economist \|publisher=Economist Newspapers \|date=1997-03-05\|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> When Ecclestone bought the Brabham team in 1971 he gained a seat on the [[Formula One Constructors Association\|Formula One Constructors' Association]] and in 1978 became its President. Previously the circuit owners controlled the income of the teams and negotiated with each individually, however Ecclestone persuaded the teams to "hunt as a pack" through FOCA.<ref name="mrformula"/> He offered Formula One to circuit owners as a package which they could take or leave. In return for the package almost all are required to surrender trackside advertising.<ref name="guardian280397"/>		Beginning in the 1970s, [[Bernie Ecclestone]] rearranged the management of Formula One's commercial rights; he is widely credited with transforming the sport into the billion-dollar business it is today.<ref name="guardian280397">{{cite news \|first=Richard \|last=Williams\|title=The Formula for Striking It Rich\|work=The Guardian \|publisher=Guardian Newspapers \|date=1997-03-28\|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref><ref name="mrformula">{{cite news \|title=Face value: Mr Formula \|page=72\|work=The Economist \|publisher=Economist Newspapers \|date=1997-03-05\|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> When Ecclestone bought the Brabham team in 1971 he gained a seat on the [[Formula One Constructors Association\|Formula One Constructors' Association]] and in 1978 became its President. Previously the circuit owners controlled the income of the teams and negotiated with each individually, however Ecclestone persuaded the teams to "hunt as a pack" through FOCA.<ref name="mrformula"/> He offered Formula One to circuit owners as a package which they could take or leave. In return for the package almost all are required to surrender trackside advertising.<ref name="guardian280397"/>

	The formation of the [[Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile]] (FISA) in 1979 set off the [[FISA-FOCA war]], during which FISA and its president [[Jean-Marie Balestre]] clashed repeatedly with FOCA over television revenues and technical regulations.<ref>{{cite news \|first=John \|last=Blunsden \|title=Filling Balestre's shoes is no job for a back-seat driver \|work=Financial Times\|date=1986-12-20\|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' said of FOCA that Ecclestone and [[Max Mosley]] "used it to wage a guerrilla war with a very long-term aim in view." FOCA threatened to set up a rival series, boycotted a Grand Prix and FISA withdrew its sanction from races.<ref name="guardian280397"/> The result was the 1981 Concorde Agreement, which guaranteed technical stability, as teams were to be given reasonable notice of new regulations.<ref>Roebuck, Nigel "Power struggles and techno wars" Sunday Times 1993-03-07</ref> Although FISA asserted its right to the TV revenues, it handed the administration of those rights to FOCA.~~{{Fact\|date=November 2007}}~~		The formation of the [[Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile]] (FISA) in 1979 set off the [[FISA-FOCA war]], during which FISA and its president [[Jean-Marie Balestre]] clashed repeatedly with FOCA over television revenues and technical regulations.<ref>{{cite news \|first=John \|last=Blunsden \|title=Filling Balestre's shoes is no job for a back-seat driver \|work=Financial Times\|date=1986-12-20\|accessdate=2007-11-09}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' said of FOCA that Ecclestone and [[Max Mosley]] "used it to wage a guerrilla war with a very long-term aim in view." FOCA threatened to set up a rival series, boycotted a Grand Prix and FISA withdrew its sanction from races.<ref name="guardian280397"/> The result was the 1981 Concorde Agreement, which guaranteed technical stability, as teams were to be given reasonable notice of new regulations.<ref>Roebuck, Nigel "Power struggles and techno wars" Sunday Times 1993-03-07</ref> Although FISA asserted its right to the TV revenues, it handed the administration of those rights to FOCA.

	FISA imposed a ban on ground effect aerodynamics in [[1983 Formula One season\|1983]].<ref>{{cite news \|first=Maurice\|last=Hamilton\|title=Pros and cons of being just Williams; A quiet achiever keeps his head down as the new season gets under way with familiar high anxiety and a squealing over brakes \|work=The Observer \|publisher=Guardian Newspapers\|date=1998-03-08\|accessdate=2007-11-08}}</ref> By then, however, [[turbocharger\|turbocharged]] engines, which [[Renault F1\|Renault]] had pioneered in [[1977 Formula One season\|1977]], were producing over 700 bhp and were essential to be competitive. By [[1986 Formula One season\|1986]], a BMW turbocharged engine achieved a flash reading of 5.5 bar pressure, estimated to be over 1300 bhp <!--By who?--> in qualifying for the [[1986 Italian Grand Prix\|Italian Grand Prix]]. The following year power in race trim reached around 1100 bhp, with boost pressure limited to only 4.0 bar.<ref>{{cite book \| last = Bamsey\| first = Ian\| coauthors = Benzing, Enrico; Stanniforth, Allan; Lawrence, Mike\| title = The 1000 BHP Grand Prix cars\| publisher = Guild Publishing \|year=1988\| pages=8–9\| isbn = 0854296174}} BMW's performance at the Italian GP is the highest qualifying figure given in Bamsey. The estimate is from [[Heini Mader]], who maintained the engines for the [[Benetton Formula\|Benetton]] team. It should be noted that maximum power figures from this period are necessarily estimates; BMW's [[dynamometer]], for example, was only capable of measuring up to 1100 bhp. Figures higher than this are estimated from engine plenum pressure readings. Power in race trim at that time was lower than for qualifying due to the need for greater reliability and fuel efficiency during the race.</ref> These cars were the most powerful [[open wheel car\|open-wheel]] circuit racing cars ever. To reduce engine power output and thus speeds, the FIA limited fuel tank capacity in [[1984 Formula One season\|1984]] and [[boost (automotive engineering)\|boost]] pressures in [[1988 Formula One season\|1988]] before banning turbocharged engines completely in [[1989 Formula One season\|1989]].<ref>{{cite news\|title=The technology behind Formula 1 racing cars \|work=The Press\|publisher=The Christchurch Press Company\|quote=rivalling the 1200hp turbocharged monsters that eventually had to be banned in 1989\|date=2005-12-26\|accessdate=2007-10-30}}</ref>		FISA imposed a ban on ground effect aerodynamics in [[1983 Formula One season\|1983]].<ref>{{cite news \|first=Maurice\|last=Hamilton\|title=Pros and cons of being just Williams; A quiet achiever keeps his head down as the new season gets under way with familiar high anxiety and a squealing over brakes \|work=The Observer \|publisher=Guardian Newspapers\|date=1998-03-08\|accessdate=2007-11-08}}</ref> By then, however, [[turbocharger\|turbocharged]] engines, which [[Renault F1\|Renault]] had pioneered in [[1977 Formula One season\|1977]], were producing over 700 bhp and were essential to be competitive. By [[1986 Formula One season\|1986]], a BMW turbocharged engine achieved a flash reading of 5.5 bar pressure, estimated to be over 1300 bhp <!--By who?--> in qualifying for the [[1986 Italian Grand Prix\|Italian Grand Prix]]. The following year power in race trim reached around 1100 bhp, with boost pressure limited to only 4.0 bar.<ref>{{cite book \| last = Bamsey\| first = Ian\| coauthors = Benzing, Enrico; Stanniforth, Allan; Lawrence, Mike\| title = The 1000 BHP Grand Prix cars\| publisher = Guild Publishing \|year=1988\| pages=8–9\| isbn = 0854296174}} BMW's performance at the Italian GP is the highest qualifying figure given in Bamsey. The estimate is from [[Heini Mader]], who maintained the engines for the [[Benetton Formula\|Benetton]] team. It should be noted that maximum power figures from this period are necessarily estimates; BMW's [[dynamometer]], for example, was only capable of measuring up to 1100 bhp. Figures higher than this are estimated from engine plenum pressure readings. Power in race trim at that time was lower than for qualifying due to the need for greater reliability and fuel efficiency during the race.</ref> These cars were the most powerful [[open wheel car\|open-wheel]] circuit racing cars ever. To reduce engine power output and thus speeds, the FIA limited fuel tank capacity in [[1984 Formula One season\|1984]] and [[boost (automotive engineering)\|boost]] pressures in [[1988 Formula One season\|1988]] before banning turbocharged engines completely in [[1989 Formula One season\|1989]].<ref>{{cite news\|title=The technology behind Formula 1 racing cars \|work=The Press\|publisher=The Christchurch Press Company\|quote=rivalling the 1200hp turbocharged monsters that eventually had to be banned in 1989\|date=2005-12-26\|accessdate=2007-10-30}}</ref>