Green vehicle - Revision history

Silver Knight: /* References */

2010-12-18T03:14:45Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:14, 18 December 2010
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	The [[battery electric vehicle]]s are sustainable vehicles.		The [[battery electric vehicle]]s are sustainable vehicles.

	~~==References==~~
	~~<references/>~~

	== See also ==		== See also ==

Red marquis: /* External */

2009-09-24T15:37:55Z

External

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:37, 24 September 2009
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	* [http://autos.yahoo.com/green_center/ Autos Yahoo Green Center].		* [http://autos.yahoo.com/green_center/ Autos Yahoo Green Center].
	* [http://editorial.autos.msn.com/specials/green/default.aspx MSN Green Central] and [http://liveearth.msn.com/ live earth].		* [http://editorial.autos.msn.com/specials/green/default.aspx MSN Green Central] and [http://liveearth.msn.com/ live earth].
	* [http://www.nesea.org/transportation/evs.html Greener Vehicles on the Market Today], [[NESEA]].		* [http://www.nesea.org/transportation/evs.html Greener Vehicles on the Market Today], NESEA.
	* [http://whatgreencar.com/environment.php Environmental Impacts of Road Transport]		* [http://whatgreencar.com/environment.php Environmental Impacts of Road Transport]
	* [http://wikicars.org/es/Portal:Green_auto_shows Wikicars green auto shows Portal].		* [http://wikicars.org/es/Portal:Green_auto_shows Wikicars green auto shows Portal].

	[[Category:Green vehicles\|*]]		[[Category:Green vehicles\|*]]

Red marquis at 15:36, 24 September 2009

2009-09-24T15:36:24Z

193.145.201.52: /* External */

2007-06-06T06:35:45Z

External

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:35, 6 June 2007
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	* [http://www.thecarconnection.com/Auto_News/Green_Car_News/S196.html The Car Connection-Green Car News].		* [http://www.thecarconnection.com/Auto_News/Green_Car_News/S196.html The Car Connection-Green Car News].
	* [http://autos.yahoo.com/green_center/ Autos Yahoo Green Center].		* [http://autos.yahoo.com/green_center/ Autos Yahoo Green Center].
	* [http://editorial.autos.msn.com/specials/green/default.aspx MSN Green Central].		* [http://editorial.autos.msn.com/specials/green/default.aspx MSN Green Central] and [http://liveearth.msn.com/ live earth].
	* [http://www.nesea.org/transportation/evs.html Greener Vehicles on the Market Today], [[NESEA]].		* [http://www.nesea.org/transportation/evs.html Greener Vehicles on the Market Today], [[NESEA]].
	* [http://whatgreencar.com/environment.php Environmental Impacts of Road Transport]		* [http://whatgreencar.com/environment.php Environmental Impacts of Road Transport]

193.145.201.52 at 03:51, 6 June 2007

2007-06-06T03:51:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:51, 6 June 2007
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	A '''green vehicle''' is a [[vehicle]] that ~~help~~ to ~~reduce the~~ [[~~greenhouse gases~~]] ~~and the~~ [[energy ~~consumption~~]].		A '''green vehicle''' is a [[vehicle]] that is considered to be "[[environmentalism\|environmentally friendly]]". This is accomplished by having a low [[dust to dust energy cost]].

	~~Part of the total energy cost can be cut by choosing smaller, lighter vehicles that use less energy to produce (production phase).~~		== Production ==

	~~During~~ the life of the car (operational phase), large reductions in energy costs ~~can be made~~ through several measures:		Part of the total energy cost can be cut by choosing smaller, lighter vehicles that use less energy to produce (Production phase).

			==Energy efficiency==
			But car with similar production energy spendings can obtain, during the life of the car (operational phase), large reductions in energy costs through several measures:
	*The most significant is by using [[alternative propulsion]]:		*The most significant is by using [[alternative propulsion]]:
	**An efficient engine that reduces the vehicle's consumption of [[petroleum]] (i.e. [[petroleum electric hybrid vehicle]]), or, preferably, that uses [[renewable energy]] sources throughout its working life (i.e. [[battery electric vehicle]]).		**An efficient engine that reduces the vehicle's consumption of [[petroleum]] (i.e. [[petroleum electric hybrid vehicle]]), or, preferably, that uses [[renewable energy]] sources throughout its working life (i.e. [[battery electric vehicle]]).
	**Using [[biofuel]]s instead of petroleum fuels.		**Using [[biofuel]]s instead of petroleum fuels.
	*Proper maintenance of a vehicle such as engine tune-~~ups~~, oil ~~changes~~, and maintaining proper tire pressure can also help.		*Proper maintenance of a vehicle such as engine [[wikt:tune-up\|tune-up]]s, [[oil change]]s, and maintaining proper [[tire pressure]] can also help.
	*Removing unnecessary items from a vehicle reduces weight and improves fuel economy as well.		*Removing unnecessary items from a vehicle reduces weight and improves fuel economy as well.

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	\|url=http://www.tierramerica.net/2003/0825/iacentos.shtml}}</ref>. [[diesel fuel\|Diesel]]-powered vehicles can often transition completely to [[biodiesel]], though the fuel is a very strong [[solvent]], which can occasionally damage [[rubber]] seals in vehicles built before 1994. More commonly, however, biodiesel causes problems simply because it removes all of the built-up residue in an engine, clogging [[filter (chemistry)\|filter]]s, unless care is taken when switching from dirty fossil-fuel derived diesel to bio-diesel.		\|url=http://www.tierramerica.net/2003/0825/iacentos.shtml}}</ref>. [[diesel fuel\|Diesel]]-powered vehicles can often transition completely to [[biodiesel]], though the fuel is a very strong [[solvent]], which can occasionally damage [[rubber]] seals in vehicles built before 1994. More commonly, however, biodiesel causes problems simply because it removes all of the built-up residue in an engine, clogging [[filter (chemistry)\|filter]]s, unless care is taken when switching from dirty fossil-fuel derived diesel to bio-diesel.

	==European Union==		== National and international promotion ==

			===European Union===

	The [[European Union]] is promoting the marketing of greener cars via a combination of binding and non-binding measures.<ref>http://www.euractiv.com/Article?tcmuri=tcm:29-117504-16&type=LinksDossier</ref>		The [[European Union]] is promoting the marketing of greener cars via a combination of binding and non-binding measures.<ref>http://www.euractiv.com/Article?tcmuri=tcm:29-117504-16&type=LinksDossier</ref>

	==Environmental Protection Agency==		===Environmental Protection Agency===

	The US [[Environmental Protection Agency]] is promoting the marketing of greener cars via the [[SmartWay]] program. The SmartWay and SmartWay Elite designation mean that a vehicle is a better environmental performer relative to other vehicles. This US EPA designation is arrived at by taking into account a vehicle's Air Pollution Score and Greenhouse Gas Score. Higher Air Pollution Scores indicate vehicles that emit lower amounts of pollutants that cause smog relative to other vehicles. Higher Greenhouse Gas Scores indicate vehicles that emit lower amounts of carbon dioxide and have improved fuel economy relative to other vehicles.		The US [[Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) is promoting the marketing of greener cars via the [[SmartWay]] program. The SmartWay and SmartWay Elite designation mean that a vehicle is a better environmental performer relative to other vehicles. This US EPA designation is arrived at by taking into account a vehicle's Air Pollution Score and Greenhouse Gas Score. Higher Air Pollution Scores indicate vehicles that emit lower amounts of pollutants that cause smog relative to other vehicles. Higher Greenhouse Gas Scores indicate vehicles that emit lower amounts of carbon dioxide and have improved fuel economy relative to other vehicles.

	To earn the SmartWay designation, a vehicle must earn at least a 6 on the Air Pollution Score and at least a 6 on the Greenhouse Gas Score, but have a combined score of at least 13. SmartWay Elite is given to those vehicles that score 9 or better on both the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Scores.		To earn the SmartWay designation, a vehicle must earn at least a 6 on the Air Pollution Score and at least a 6 on the Greenhouse Gas Score, but have a combined score of at least 13. SmartWay Elite is given to those vehicles that score 9 or better on both the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Scores.
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	\|date=2006		\|date=2006
	\|url=http://cnwmr.com/nss-folder/automotiveenergy/		\|url=http://cnwmr.com/nss-folder/automotiveenergy/
	}}</ref> suggests that the extra energy cost of manufacture, shipping, disposal, and the short lives of some of these types of vehicle (particularly gas-electric ~~hybrids~~) outweighs any energy savings made by their using less petroleum during their useful lifespan. These claims are '''under dispute'''. The latest version of the report incorporates more data through 2006 and revises much of the conclusions. More information on this topic is available at [[Petroleum_electric_hybrid_vehicle\|Petroleum-electric hybrid vehicles]], particularly the section on [[Petroleum_electric_hybrid_vehicle#CNW_Marketing_Reports\|CNW Marketing Reports]].		}}</ref> suggests that the extra energy cost of manufacture, shipping, disposal, and the short lives of some of these types of vehicle (particularly gas-electric [[hybrid vehicle]]s) outweighs any energy savings made by their using less petroleum during their useful [[lifespan]]. These claims are '''under dispute'''. The latest version of the report incorporates more data through 2006 and revises much of the conclusions. More information on this topic is available at [[Petroleum_electric_hybrid_vehicle\|Petroleum-electric hybrid vehicles]], particularly the section on [[Petroleum_electric_hybrid_vehicle#CNW_Marketing_Reports\|CNW Marketing Reports]].

	The [[battery electric vehicle]]s are sustainable vehicles.		The [[battery electric vehicle]]s are sustainable vehicles.
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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Portal\|Green_auto_shows}}~~
	* [[Green tuning]]		* [[Green tuning]]
	* [[Low-carbon emission]]s		* [[Low-carbon emission]]s

	==External==		==External==
			* [http://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/ EPA Green Vehicle Guide].
			* [http://www.greenvehicleguide.gov.au AU Green Vehicle Guide]
			* [http://www.petrolprices.com/green-guide.html Green Car Guide].
			* [http://www.thecarconnection.com/Auto_News/Green_Car_News/S196.html The Car Connection-Green Car News].
			* [http://autos.yahoo.com/green_center/ Autos Yahoo Green Center].
			* [http://editorial.autos.msn.com/specials/green/default.aspx MSN Green Central].
			* [http://www.nesea.org/transportation/evs.html Greener Vehicles on the Market Today], [[NESEA]].
	* [http://whatgreencar.com/environment.php Environmental Impacts of Road Transport]		* [http://whatgreencar.com/environment.php Environmental Impacts of Road Transport]
	* [http://~~www.nesea~~.org/~~transportation~~/~~evs.html Greener Vehicles on the Market Today], [[NESEA]].~~		* [http://wikicars.org/es/Portal:Green_auto_shows Wikicars green auto shows Portal].
	* [http:~~//www.petrolprices.com/~~green~~-guide.html Green Car Guide~~].

	[[Category:Green vehicles\|*]]		[[Category:Green vehicles\|*]]

Mac: /* See also */

2007-04-11T08:05:05Z

Mac at 08:04, 11 April 2007

2007-04-11T08:04:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:04, 11 April 2007
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	== See also ==		== See also ==
			{{Portal:Green_auto_shows}}
	* [[Green tuning]]		* [[Green tuning]]
	* [[Low-carbon emission]]s		* [[Low-carbon emission]]s
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	* [http://www.nesea.org/transportation/evs.html Greener Vehicles on the Market Today], [[NESEA]].		* [http://www.nesea.org/transportation/evs.html Greener Vehicles on the Market Today], [[NESEA]].
	* [http://www.petrolprices.com/green-guide.html Green Car Guide].		* [http://www.petrolprices.com/green-guide.html Green Car Guide].
	* [http://wikicars.org/es/Portal:Green_auto_shows Wikicars green auto shows Portal].

	[[Category:Green vehicles\|*]]		[[Category:Green vehicles\|*]]

Mac at 08:03, 11 April 2007

2007-04-11T08:03:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:03, 11 April 2007
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	*Removing unnecessary items from a vehicle reduces weight and improves fuel economy as well.		*Removing unnecessary items from a vehicle reduces weight and improves fuel economy as well.

	~~{{portal\|Energy}}~~
	~~{{portal\|Automobile}}~~
	==Types==		==Types==

Mac at 08:03, 11 April 2007

2007-04-11T08:03:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:03, 11 April 2007
Line 1:		Line 1:
	A '''green vehicle''' is a [[vehicle]] that ~~is considered~~ to ~~be "environmentally friendly". This is accomplished by having a low~~ [[~~dust to dust~~ energy ~~cost~~]]. Part of the total energy cost can be cut by choosing smaller, lighter vehicles that use less energy to produce (~~Production~~ phase).		A '''green vehicle''' is a [[vehicle]] that help to reduce the [[greenhouse gases]] and the [[energy consumption]].

			Part of the total energy cost can be cut by choosing smaller, lighter vehicles that use less energy to produce (production phase).

	During the life of the car (operational phase), large reductions in energy costs can be made through several measures:		During the life of the car (operational phase), large reductions in energy costs can be made through several measures:
Line 5:		Line 7:
	**An efficient engine that reduces the vehicle's consumption of [[petroleum]] (i.e. [[petroleum electric hybrid vehicle]]), or, preferably, that uses [[renewable energy]] sources throughout its working life (i.e. [[battery electric vehicle]]).		**An efficient engine that reduces the vehicle's consumption of [[petroleum]] (i.e. [[petroleum electric hybrid vehicle]]), or, preferably, that uses [[renewable energy]] sources throughout its working life (i.e. [[battery electric vehicle]]).
	**Using [[biofuel]]s instead of petroleum fuels.		**Using [[biofuel]]s instead of petroleum fuels.
	Proper maintenance of a vehicle such as engine tune-ups, oil changes, and maintaining proper tire pressure can also help. Removing unnecessary items from a vehicle reduces weight and improves fuel economy as well.		*Proper maintenance of a vehicle such as engine tune-ups, oil changes, and maintaining proper tire pressure can also help.
			*Removing unnecessary items from a vehicle reduces weight and improves fuel economy as well.

			{{portal\|Energy}}
			{{portal\|Automobile}}
	==Types==		==Types==

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	A conventional vehicle can become a greener vehicle of a sort by mixing in renewable fuels. Typical [[gasoline]] cars can handle up to 15% [[alcohol fuel\|ethanol]]. There are some places that have built cars that run strictly on ethanol, but another option is a [[flexible-fuel vehicle]], which allows a varying mixture (often up to 85%, sometimes up to 100%<ref>{{cite web		A conventional vehicle can become a greener vehicle of a sort by mixing in renewable fuels. Typical [[gasoline]] cars can handle up to 15% [[alcohol fuel\|ethanol]]. There are some places that have built cars that run strictly on ethanol, but another option is a [[flexible-fuel vehicle]], which allows a varying mixture (often up to 85%, sometimes up to 100%<ref>{{cite web
	\|title=Dual Fuel Cars Revive Brazil's Alcohol Industry		\|title=Dual Fuel Cars Revive Brazil's Alcohol Industry
	\|url=http://www.tierramerica.net/2003/0825/iacentos.shtml}}</ref>. [[diesel fuel\|Diesel]]-powered vehicles can often transition completely to [[biodiesel]], though the fuel is a very strong solvent, which can occasionally damage rubber seals in vehicles built before 1994. More commonly, however, biodiesel causes problems simply because it removes all of the built-up residue in an engine, clogging ~~filters~~, unless care is taken when switching from dirty fossil-fuel derived diesel to bio-diesel.		\|url=http://www.tierramerica.net/2003/0825/iacentos.shtml}}</ref>. [[diesel fuel\|Diesel]]-powered vehicles can often transition completely to [[biodiesel]], though the fuel is a very strong [[solvent]], which can occasionally damage [[rubber]] seals in vehicles built before 1994. More commonly, however, biodiesel causes problems simply because it removes all of the built-up residue in an engine, clogging [[filter (chemistry)\|filter]]s, unless care is taken when switching from dirty fossil-fuel derived diesel to bio-diesel.

	==European Union==		==European Union==

	The European Union is promoting the marketing of greener cars via a combination of binding and non-binding measures.<ref>http://www.euractiv.com/Article?tcmuri=tcm:29-117504-16&type=LinksDossier</ref>		The [[European Union]] is promoting the marketing of greener cars via a combination of binding and non-binding measures.<ref>http://www.euractiv.com/Article?tcmuri=tcm:29-117504-16&type=LinksDossier</ref>

	==Environmental Protection Agency==		==Environmental Protection Agency==

	The US Environmental Protection Agency is promoting the marketing of greener cars via the [[SmartWay]] program. The SmartWay and SmartWay Elite designation mean that a vehicle is a better environmental performer relative to other vehicles. This US EPA designation is arrived at by taking into account a vehicle's Air Pollution Score and Greenhouse Gas Score. Higher Air Pollution Scores indicate vehicles that emit lower amounts of pollutants that cause smog relative to other vehicles. Higher Greenhouse Gas Scores indicate vehicles that emit lower amounts of carbon dioxide and have improved fuel economy relative to other vehicles.		The US [[Environmental Protection Agency]] is promoting the marketing of greener cars via the [[SmartWay]] program. The SmartWay and SmartWay Elite designation mean that a vehicle is a better environmental performer relative to other vehicles. This US EPA designation is arrived at by taking into account a vehicle's Air Pollution Score and Greenhouse Gas Score. Higher Air Pollution Scores indicate vehicles that emit lower amounts of pollutants that cause smog relative to other vehicles. Higher Greenhouse Gas Scores indicate vehicles that emit lower amounts of carbon dioxide and have improved fuel economy relative to other vehicles.

	To earn the SmartWay designation, a vehicle must earn at least a 6 on the Air Pollution Score and at least a 6 on the Greenhouse Gas Score, but have a combined score of at least 13. SmartWay Elite is given to those vehicles that score 9 or better on both the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Scores.		To earn the SmartWay designation, a vehicle must earn at least a 6 on the Air Pollution Score and at least a 6 on the Greenhouse Gas Score, but have a combined score of at least 13. SmartWay Elite is given to those vehicles that score 9 or better on both the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Scores.
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	===Environmental===		===Environmental===

	Vehicle emissions contribute to the increasing concentration of gases that are leading to climate change. In order of significance, the principal greenhouse gases associated with road transport are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Road transport is the third largest source of UK greenhouse gases and accounts for over 20% of total emissions.<ref>http://www.whatgreencar.com/emissionsanalysis.php</ref> Of the total greenhouse gas emissions from transport, over 85% are due to CO2 emissions from road vehicles. The transport sector is the fastest growing source of greenhouse gases.		Vehicle emissions contribute to the increasing concentration of gases that are leading to [[climate change]]. In order of significance, the principal [[greenhouse gases]] associated with road transport are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Road transport is the third largest source of UK greenhouse gases and accounts for over 20% of total emissions.<ref>http://www.whatgreencar.com/emissionsanalysis.php</ref> Of the total greenhouse gas emissions from transport, over 85% are due to CO2 emissions from road vehicles. The transport sector is the fastest growing source of greenhouse gases.

	Road transport also remains the main source of many local emissions including benzene, 1,3-butadiene, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulates (PMs). Within urban areas, the percentage of contributions due to road transport is particularly high - in London road transport contributes almost 80% of particulate emissions.		Road transport also remains the main source of many local emissions including [[benzene]], 1,3-butadiene, [[carbon monoxide]] (CO), [[nitrogen oxides]] (NOx) and [[particulates]] (PMs). Within urban areas, the percentage of contributions due to road transport is particularly high - in London road transport contributes almost 80% of particulate emissions.

	===Health===		===Health===
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	\|date=2006		\|date=2006
	\|url=http://cnwmr.com/nss-folder/automotiveenergy/		\|url=http://cnwmr.com/nss-folder/automotiveenergy/
	}}</ref> suggests that the extra energy cost of manufacture, shipping, disposal, and the short lives of some of these types of vehicle (particularly gas-electric hybrids) outweighs any energy savings made by their using less petroleum during their useful lifespan. These claims are under dispute. The latest version of the report incorporates more data through 2006 and revises much of the conclusions. More information on this topic is available at [[Petroleum_electric_hybrid_vehicle\|Petroleum-electric hybrid vehicles]], particularly the section on [[Petroleum_electric_hybrid_vehicle#CNW_Marketing_Reports\|CNW Marketing Reports]].		}}</ref> suggests that the extra energy cost of manufacture, shipping, disposal, and the short lives of some of these types of vehicle (particularly gas-electric hybrids) outweighs any energy savings made by their using less petroleum during their useful lifespan. These claims are '''under dispute'''. The latest version of the report incorporates more data through 2006 and revises much of the conclusions. More information on this topic is available at [[Petroleum_electric_hybrid_vehicle\|Petroleum-electric hybrid vehicles]], particularly the section on [[Petroleum_electric_hybrid_vehicle#CNW_Marketing_Reports\|CNW Marketing Reports]].


			The [[battery electric vehicle]]s are sustainable vehicles.

			==References==
			<references/>

	== See also ==		== See also ==
	* [[~~:Category:~~Green ~~vehicle auto shows\|Green vehicle auto shows~~]]		* [[Green tuning]]
			* [[Low-carbon emission]]s

	==External==		==External==
	* [http://whatgreencar.com/environment.php Environmental Impacts of Road Transport]		* [http://whatgreencar.com/environment.php Environmental Impacts of Road Transport]
	* [http://www.nesea.org/transportation/evs.html Greener Vehicles on the Market Today], [[NESEA]].		* [http://www.nesea.org/transportation/evs.html Greener Vehicles on the Market Today], [[NESEA]].
			* [http://www.petrolprices.com/green-guide.html Green Car Guide].
			* [http://wikicars.org/es/Portal:Green_auto_shows Wikicars green auto shows Portal].

	[[Category:Green vehicles\|*]]		[[Category:Green vehicles\|*]]

Red marquis: /* Environmental */

2007-03-20T08:09:07Z

Environmental

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:09, 20 March 2007
Line 31:		Line 31:
	Vehicle emissions contribute to the increasing concentration of gases that are leading to climate change. In order of significance, the principal greenhouse gases associated with road transport are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Road transport is the third largest source of UK greenhouse gases and accounts for over 20% of total emissions.<ref>http://www.whatgreencar.com/emissionsanalysis.php</ref> Of the total greenhouse gas emissions from transport, over 85% are due to CO2 emissions from road vehicles. The transport sector is the fastest growing source of greenhouse gases.		Vehicle emissions contribute to the increasing concentration of gases that are leading to climate change. In order of significance, the principal greenhouse gases associated with road transport are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Road transport is the third largest source of UK greenhouse gases and accounts for over 20% of total emissions.<ref>http://www.whatgreencar.com/emissionsanalysis.php</ref> Of the total greenhouse gas emissions from transport, over 85% are due to CO2 emissions from road vehicles. The transport sector is the fastest growing source of greenhouse gases.

	Road transport also remains the main source of many local emissions including [[benzene]], 1,3-butadiene, [[carbon monoxide]] (CO), [[nitrogen oxides]] (NOx) and [[particulates]] (PMs). Within urban areas, the percentage of contributions due to road transport is particularly high - in London road transport contributes almost 80% of particulate emissions.		Road transport also remains the main source of many local emissions including benzene, 1,3-butadiene, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulates (PMs). Within urban areas, the percentage of contributions due to road transport is particularly high - in London road transport contributes almost 80% of particulate emissions.

	===Health===		===Health===

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:36, 24 September 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
	A '''green vehicle''' is a [[vehicle]] that is considered to be "~~[[environmentalism\|~~environmentally friendly]]". This is accomplished by having a low [[dust to dust energy cost]].		A '''green vehicle''' is a [[vehicle]] that is considered to be "environmentally friendly". This is accomplished by having a low dust to dust energy cost.

	== Production ==		== Production ==
Line 8:		Line 8:
	But car with similar production energy spendings can obtain, during the life of the car (operational phase), large reductions in energy costs through several measures:		But car with similar production energy spendings can obtain, during the life of the car (operational phase), large reductions in energy costs through several measures:
	*The most significant is by using [[alternative propulsion]]:		*The most significant is by using [[alternative propulsion]]:
	**An efficient engine that reduces the vehicle's consumption of [[petroleum]] (i.e. [[petroleum electric hybrid vehicle]]), or, preferably, that uses [[renewable energy]] sources throughout its working life (i.e. [[battery electric vehicle]]).		**An efficient engine that reduces the vehicle's consumption of [[petroleum]] (i.e. [[petroleum electric hybrid vehicle]]), or, preferably, that uses renewable energy sources throughout its working life (i.e. [[battery electric vehicle]]).
	**Using [[biofuel]]s instead of petroleum fuels.		**Using [[biofuel]]s instead of petroleum fuels.
	*Proper maintenance of a vehicle such as engine ~~[[wikt:~~tune-~~up\|tune-up]]s~~, [[oil change]]s, and maintaining proper [[tire pressure]] can also help.		*Proper maintenance of a vehicle such as engine tune-ups, [[oil change]]s, and maintaining proper [[tire pressure]] can also help.
	*Removing unnecessary items from a vehicle reduces weight and improves fuel economy as well.		*Removing unnecessary items from a vehicle reduces weight and improves fuel economy as well.

	==Types==		==Types==

	Examples of vehicles with reduced petroleum consumption include [[electric car]]s, [[hybrid car]]s and [[hydrogen car]]s. [[Solar car]] races are held on a regular basis in order to promote green vehicles and other "[[green technology]]". These sleek driver-only vehicles can travel long distances at highway speeds using only the electricity generated instantaneously from the sun.		Examples of vehicles with reduced petroleum consumption include [[electric car]]s, [[hybrid car]]s and [[hydrogen car]]s. [[Solar car]] races are held on a regular basis in order to promote green vehicles and other "green technology". These sleek driver-only vehicles can travel long distances at highway speeds using only the electricity generated instantaneously from the sun.

	A conventional vehicle can become a greener vehicle of a sort by mixing in renewable fuels. Typical [[gasoline]] cars can handle up to 15% [[alcohol fuel\|ethanol]]. There are some places that have built cars that run strictly on ethanol, but another option is a [[flexible-fuel vehicle]], which allows a varying mixture (often up to 85%, sometimes up to 100%<ref>{{cite web		A conventional vehicle can become a greener vehicle of a sort by mixing in renewable fuels. Typical [[gasoline]] cars can handle up to 15% [[alcohol fuel\|ethanol]]. There are some places that have built cars that run strictly on ethanol, but another option is a [[flexible-fuel vehicle]], which allows a varying mixture (often up to 85%, sometimes up to 100%<ref>{{cite web
	\|title=Dual Fuel Cars Revive Brazil's Alcohol Industry		\|title=Dual Fuel Cars Revive Brazil's Alcohol Industry
	\|url=http://www.tierramerica.net/2003/0825/iacentos.shtml}}</ref>. [[~~diesel fuel\|~~Diesel]]-powered vehicles can often transition completely to [[biodiesel]], though the fuel is a very strong [[solvent]], which can occasionally damage [[rubber]] seals in vehicles built before 1994. More commonly, however, biodiesel causes problems simply because it removes all of the built-up residue in an engine, clogging ~~[[filter (chemistry)\|filter]]s~~, unless care is taken when switching from dirty fossil-fuel derived diesel to bio-diesel.		\|url=http://www.tierramerica.net/2003/0825/iacentos.shtml}}</ref>. [[Diesel]]-powered vehicles can often transition completely to [[biodiesel]], though the fuel is a very strong solvent, which can occasionally damage rubber seals in vehicles built before 1994. More commonly, however, biodiesel causes problems simply because it removes all of the built-up residue in an engine, clogging filters, unless care is taken when switching from dirty fossil-fuel derived diesel to bio-diesel.

	== National and international promotion ==		== National and international promotion ==
Line 25:		Line 25:
	===European Union===		===European Union===

	The [[European Union]] is promoting the marketing of greener cars via a combination of binding and non-binding measures.<ref>http://www.euractiv.com/Article?tcmuri=tcm:29-117504-16&type=LinksDossier</ref>		The European Union is promoting the marketing of greener cars via a combination of binding and non-binding measures.<ref>http://www.euractiv.com/Article?tcmuri=tcm:29-117504-16&type=LinksDossier</ref>

	===Environmental Protection Agency===		===Environmental Protection Agency===

	The US [[Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) is promoting the marketing of greener cars via the [[SmartWay]] program. The SmartWay and SmartWay Elite designation mean that a vehicle is a better environmental performer relative to other vehicles. This US EPA designation is arrived at by taking into account a vehicle's Air Pollution Score and Greenhouse Gas Score. Higher Air Pollution Scores indicate vehicles that emit lower amounts of pollutants that cause smog relative to other vehicles. Higher Greenhouse Gas Scores indicate vehicles that emit lower amounts of carbon dioxide and have improved fuel economy relative to other vehicles.		The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is promoting the marketing of greener cars via the [[SmartWay]] program. The SmartWay and SmartWay Elite designation mean that a vehicle is a better environmental performer relative to other vehicles. This US EPA designation is arrived at by taking into account a vehicle's Air Pollution Score and Greenhouse Gas Score. Higher Air Pollution Scores indicate vehicles that emit lower amounts of pollutants that cause smog relative to other vehicles. Higher Greenhouse Gas Scores indicate vehicles that emit lower amounts of carbon dioxide and have improved fuel economy relative to other vehicles.

	To earn the SmartWay designation, a vehicle must earn at least a 6 on the Air Pollution Score and at least a 6 on the Greenhouse Gas Score, but have a combined score of at least 13. SmartWay Elite is given to those vehicles that score 9 or better on both the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Scores.		To earn the SmartWay designation, a vehicle must earn at least a 6 on the Air Pollution Score and at least a 6 on the Greenhouse Gas Score, but have a combined score of at least 13. SmartWay Elite is given to those vehicles that score 9 or better on both the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Scores.
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	===Environmental===		===Environmental===

	Vehicle emissions contribute to the increasing concentration of gases that are leading to [[climate change]]. In order of significance, the principal [[greenhouse gases]] associated with road transport are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Road transport is the third largest source of UK greenhouse gases and accounts for over 20% of total emissions.<ref>http://www.whatgreencar.com/emissionsanalysis.php</ref> Of the total greenhouse gas emissions from transport, over 85% are due to CO2 emissions from road vehicles. The transport sector is the fastest growing source of greenhouse gases.		Vehicle emissions contribute to the increasing concentration of gases that are leading to climate change. In order of significance, the principal [[greenhouse gases]] associated with road transport are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Road transport is the third largest source of UK greenhouse gases and accounts for over 20% of total emissions.<ref>http://www.whatgreencar.com/emissionsanalysis.php</ref> Of the total greenhouse gas emissions from transport, over 85% are due to CO2 emissions from road vehicles. The transport sector is the fastest growing source of greenhouse gases.

	Road transport also remains the main source of many local emissions including [[benzene]], 1,3-butadiene, [[carbon monoxide]] (CO), [[nitrogen oxides]] (NOx) and [[particulates]] (PMs). Within urban areas, the percentage of contributions due to road transport is particularly high - in London road transport contributes almost 80% of particulate emissions.		Road transport also remains the main source of many local emissions including benzene, 1,3-butadiene, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulates (PMs). Within urban areas, the percentage of contributions due to road transport is particularly high - in London road transport contributes almost 80% of particulate emissions.

	===Health===		===Health===

	Vehicle pollutants have been linked to human ill health including the incidence of respiratory and cardiopulmonary disease and lung cancer. In 1998, a report entitled "The Medical Effects of Air Pollutants"<ref>http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/comeap/index.htm</ref> estimated that up to 24,000 people die prematurely each year in the UK as a direct result of air pollution. According to the [[World Health Organisation]], up to 13,000 deaths per year among children (aged 0-4 years) across Europe are directly attributable to outdoor pollution. The organisation estimates that if pollution levels were returned to within EU limits, more than 5,000 of these lives could be saved each year.		Vehicle pollutants have been linked to human ill health including the incidence of respiratory and cardiopulmonary disease and lung cancer. In 1998, a report entitled "The Medical Effects of Air Pollutants"<ref>http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/comeap/index.htm</ref> estimated that up to 24,000 people die prematurely each year in the UK as a direct result of air pollution. According to the World Health Organisation, up to 13,000 deaths per year among children (aged 0-4 years) across Europe are directly attributable to outdoor pollution. The organisation estimates that if pollution levels were returned to within EU limits, more than 5,000 of these lives could be saved each year.

	Currently there is no EU law which limits the amount of carbon dioxide produced by cars. However the European Commission reached a voluntary agreement with the [[European Automobile Manufacturers Association]] to reduce the average CO2 emissions to 140g/km by 2008 for all new cars sold in the EU with a possible second target of 120g/km by 2012.		Currently there is no EU law which limits the amount of carbon dioxide produced by cars. However the European Commission reached a voluntary agreement with the [[European Automobile Manufacturers Association]] to reduce the average CO2 emissions to 140g/km by 2008 for all new cars sold in the EU with a possible second target of 120g/km by 2012.
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	\|date=2006		\|date=2006
	\|url=http://cnwmr.com/nss-folder/automotiveenergy/		\|url=http://cnwmr.com/nss-folder/automotiveenergy/
	}}</ref> suggests that the extra energy cost of manufacture, shipping, disposal, and the short lives of some of these types of vehicle (particularly gas-electric [[hybrid vehicle]]s) outweighs any energy savings made by their using less petroleum during their useful [[lifespan]]. These claims are '''under dispute'''. The latest version of the report incorporates more data through 2006 and revises much of the conclusions. More information on this topic is available at [[Petroleum_electric_hybrid_vehicle\|Petroleum-electric hybrid vehicles]], particularly the section on [[Petroleum_electric_hybrid_vehicle#CNW_Marketing_Reports\|CNW Marketing Reports]].		}}</ref> suggests that the extra energy cost of manufacture, shipping, disposal, and the short lives of some of these types of vehicle (particularly gas-electric [[hybrid vehicle]]s) outweighs any energy savings made by their using less petroleum during their useful lifespan. These claims are '''under dispute'''. The latest version of the report incorporates more data through 2006 and revises much of the conclusions. More information on this topic is available at [[Petroleum_electric_hybrid_vehicle\|Petroleum-electric hybrid vehicles]], particularly the section on [[Petroleum_electric_hybrid_vehicle#CNW_Marketing_Reports\|CNW Marketing Reports]].

	The [[battery electric vehicle]]s are sustainable vehicles.		The [[battery electric vehicle]]s are sustainable vehicles.

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:05, 11 April 2007
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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	{{Portal:Green_auto_shows}}		{{Portal\|Green_auto_shows}}
	* [[Green tuning]]		* [[Green tuning]]
	* [[Low-carbon emission]]s		* [[Low-carbon emission]]s