Plug-In Hybrids - Revision history

Red marquis at 03:33, 26 May 2009

2009-05-26T03:33:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:33, 26 May 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~{{DupArticle\|Plug-in Hybrids}}~~		#REDIRECT [[Plug-in Hybrids]]

	A '''plug-in [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] electric vehicle''' (PHEV) is a [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] which has additional battery capacity and the ability to be recharged from an external electrical outlet. In addition, modifications are made to the vehicle's control software. The vehicle can be used for short trips of moderate speed without needing the [[internal combustion engine]] (ICE) component of the vehicle, thereby saving fuel costs. In this mode of operation the vehicle operates as a pure [[electric vehicle]] with a weight penalty (the ICE). The long range and additional power of the ICE power train is available when needed.

	PHEVs are commonly called "grid-connected [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]]," "gas-optional [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]]" (GO-HEVs), "full [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]]," and are sometimes called HEV-30 (for instance, to denote a [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] with a 30-mile (50 km) electric range, compared to a '''HEV-0''' (a non-plug-in [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]]). However, Ford, GM, and Toyota have all used the term "Full [[Hybrid Cars\|Hybrid]] Technology" to describe configurations that allow electric-only operation at low speeds (yet not PHEVs). Two other PHEV names used by a major U.S. automotive supplier and in a 1999 SAE paper are "energy [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]]" and "true [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]]." PHEVs can also operate in a mixed-mode where both gas and external electricity are used simultaneously to increase gas mileage for a particular range, usually double that of its electric-only range.

	~~Very nice site! <a href="http://apxyieo.com/qyoxrt/1.html">cheap viagra</a>~~

	~~==Advantages and Disadvantages==~~
	A 70-mile range HEV-70 may annually require only about 25% as much gasoline as a similarly designed HEV-0, depending on how it will be driven and the trips for which will be used. A further advantage of PHEVs is that they have potential to be even more efficient than their HEV-0 cousins because more limited use of the PHEV's internal combustion engines may allow the engine to be used at closer to its maximum efficiency. While a Prius is likely to convert fuel to motive energy on average at about 30% efficiency (well below the engine's 38% peak efficiency) the engine of a PHEV-70 would likely operate far more often near its peak efficiency because it is not needed during transient operation conditions. These architectures would be highly likely to employ a parallel [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] configuration whereby mechanical engine power is allowed to transfer most efficiently directly to the wheels (when the engine is activated).

	Another advantage of the PHEV architecture is the synergy it offers with biofuels. It has long been understood that crop production in most countries is not sufficient to supply all of the biofuel needs of society, especially when food production is the obvious primary purpose. However, PHEVs dramatically reduce the requirement for liquid fuel to as little as 20% of an equivalent HEV-0. This produces a synergy between PHEVs and biofuels whereby extreme reductions in petroleum usage are possible. For example, [[Flexible Fuel and Ethanol Vehicles\|E85]] which is composed of 85% ethanol, stretches petroleum by a factor of about 2.5 today. Combining E85 as the liquid fuel with a PHEV-70 results in a petroleum stretch factor of 10 (2.5 x 4). If an HEV-0 achieves 50 mpg U.S. (4.7 L/100 km), the similar PHEV-70 would develop 500 mpg (0.47 L/100 km) (petroleum consumption) if fueled by E85.

	Disadvantages include the weight and cost of a larger battery pack. The cost of a battery pack is especially relevant because with current technology battery packs are likely to need to be replaced before the car itself is replaced. Additionally, the mileage gains from a PHEV are highly dependent upon the way a vehicle is used, and the opportunities to recharge by plug. In the most extreme of circumstances a PHEV might get worse mileage than an HEV. For example, in a vehicle being used 24 hours a day for commercial purposes the larger battery capacity (as compared to an HEV) might lack any advantage, while the greater battery weight (than in a corresponding HEV) would reduce mileage. Finally, if the local source of electricity comes from burning fossil fuels, the benefits in terms of reduced CO<sub>2</sub> emissions could be lost.

	~~==Issues for wide-scale commercialisation==~~
	Unlike a conventional [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] electric vehicle current PHEV implementations use the full charge cycle of its battery, which reduces the life of the battery. Mass-produced [[Hybrid Cars\|Hybrid]] electric vehicles by design avoid a complete or near complete discharge of the battery. Current PHEV implementations aren't practical on a large scale because of reduced battery life, which is not true of commercial [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]].

	~~Here are the design issues and trade-offs that need to be solved together:~~
	~~#Battery life~~
	~~#Capacity to store electric energy. Affects range, acceleration, and top speed~~
	~~#Heat dissipation of larger capacity batteries~~
	~~#Weight issues with increased batteries: slower acceleration, reduced gas mileage, increased strain on system components such as brakes, etc...~~
	~~#Costs~~
	~~#Safety~~

	~~For example, if the current Prius were made plug-in capable its range would only be a few miles with low acceleration and low top speed.~~
	~~To solve this one can:~~
	~~#Increase the number of batteries: Adds weight but only increases range mildly.~~
	~~#Use the full charge/discharge of a battery: Reduces the life of the battery.~~
	#~~Use alternative battery technology: Currently expensive, but under heavy research. Life expectancy unknown. For~~ [[~~Battery Technology\|Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries]] Toyota reports a heat dissipation issue.[http://www.forbes.com/2006/05/26/toyota-prius-[[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]]-cx_jf_0530flint.html]~~

	~~The next version of the Prius is rumored to use [[Battery Technology\|Li-ion]] batteries[http://vtec.net/news/news-item?news_item_id=553701]. This Guardian article suggests it will have plug~~-in ~~capability with 9 mile range[http://www.guardian.co.uk/japan/story/0,,1743808,00.html].~~

	~~==Prototypes and Conversions==~~
	A number of interesting prototypes have been created, mostly at the UC Davis [[Hybrid Cars\|Hybrid]] Center by teams led by Prof. Andy Frank, but there are no production vehicles available at this time (2006). Some independent researchers have demonstrated conversions of vehicles such as the [[Toyota Prius]], while leaving the majority of the stock [[Hybrid Synergy Drive]] intact and unchanged by simply adding battery capacity and a grid charger.

	Motorcycle and small car manufacturer [[Suzuki]] has produced several prototype light sports cars capable of operation in this mode. The first of these used a 400 cc motorcycle engine to give a primarily electric vehicle a "limp home" capability. A subsequent model was more capable of general operation over a wide range of conditions and ranges.

	CalCars, a non-profit advocacy and technology development group in California, has converted one 2004 Prius into what it calls a "PRIUS+" as proof of concept. It is now working with EDrive Systems, a new Southern California company that plans to install aftermarket conversions for 2004-2006 Priuses with a target fuel efficiency of 230 mpg (1.0 L/100 km).[http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/[[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]]_tinkerers;_ylt=Ajsg5s42ZReOhSpJhVs7Zo0DW7oF;_ylu=X3oDMTBiMW04NW9mBHNlYwMlJVRPUCUl] And the Electric Power Research Institute of Palo Alto, along with a number of utilities and government agencies, is working with DaimlerChrysler to deliver three plug-in [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]] built on the [[Mercedes Sprinter]] platform (a 15-passenger van). The Electric Auto Association is sponsoring the EAA-PHEV project, a "Do-It-Yourself" approach to enable those who are comfortable working with high wattage DC systems to do their own conversion.

	~~Hymotion, a Canadian company, introduced plug-in [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] upgrade kits in February 2006. Designed for the Toyota Prius and the Ford Escape and Mariner [[Hybrid Cars\|~~Hybrids]]~~, these kits will be offered to fleet buyers at first and should be available to the general public in 2007.~~

	~~==Battery electric vehicle==~~
	A [[Electric Vehicles\|battery electric vehicle]] with a range extending trailer called pusher trailers or genset trailers might also be considered a plug-in [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]]. About 15kW of power is required to maintain freeway speeds in a lightweight EV. This is about one third the power output of the [[Honda Insight\|Honda Insight's]] 1.0L three cylinder [[Internal Combustion Engine\|ICE]]. One advantage of this configuration is that the [[Internal Combustion Engine\|ICE]] or other energy conversion device can be tuned to maximize efficiency by running at an ideal constant power level.

	~~==Vehicle-to-grid==~~
	Another advantage of a gridable vehicle is their potential ability to load balance or help the grid during peak loads. By using excess battery capacity to send power back into the grid and then recharge during off peak using cheaper power such vehicles are actually advantageous to utilities as well as their owners. This is accomplished with what is known as V2G or Vehicle to Grid technology. Even if such vehicles just led to an increase in the use of night time electricity they would even out electricity demand (which is typically higher in the day time) and provide a greater '''return on capital''' for electricity infrastructure.

	~~==External links==~~
	* [http://www.calcars.org/vehicles.html CalCars.org]
	* [http://www.daimlerchrysler.com/dccom/0,,0-5-7165-1-456546-1-0-0-0-0-0-243-7165-0-0-0-0-0-0-0,00.html Description of DaimlerChrysler's plug-in [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] Sprinter van]

	~~===News===~~
	* [http://www.evworld.com/view.cfm?section=article&storyid=1042 Report from the Advanced Automotive Battery Conference] - 6/6/06
	* [http://www.daily-chronicle.com/articles/2006/05/31/news/news05.txt Beyond Oil: At national lab, vehicle research focuses on alternatives to oil.] ...With a concerted effort to solve the battery problems, Hillebrand says, plug-in [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]] could be feasible for mass production in 18 months...
	* [http://www.forbes.com/2006/05/26/toyota-prius-hybrid-cx_jf_0530flint.html Forbes: Plug-ins aren't practical yet]

	~~===After Market Conversions===~~
	* [http://www.eaa-phev.org/wiki/Template:Prius_PHEV_Options Table with all Prius options]
	* [http://hybrids-plus.com/ hybrids-plus.com] Hybrids Plus - Boulder CO
	* [http://www.EDriveSystems.com EDriveSystems.com] EDrive / EnergyCS - California
	* [http://www.Hymotion.com Hymotion.com] Hymotion - Canada

	~~===Related Groups===~~
	* http://www.eaa-phev.org Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Wiki
	* http://www.hybridconsortium.org
	* http://www.pluginpartners.org — A market for PHEVs exists today!
	** http://www.SetAmericaFree.org — energy security via plug-in hybrids
	** http://www.SecureEnergy.org — Oil Crisis Simulations lead to PHEVs
	* [http://www.evworld.com/electrichybrid.cfm Flexible Fuel Electric (Plug-In) Hybrid Cars
	*Dr. Frank of UC Davis and his team of students have done numerous advanced vehicle projects. <!--( ''need more links )''-->
	** [http://www.rdrop.com/ev/hybrid.pdf Professor Andrew Frank of U.C. Davis and his students built a Prius with 25 miles (40 km) of EV Range and 110–220 volt grid charging]
	** http://www.evworld.com/archives/interviews/frank.html

217.98.8.17: /* Types */

2009-05-25T13:34:00Z

Types

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:34, 25 May 2009
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	PHEVs are commonly called "grid-connected [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]]," "gas-optional [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]]" (GO-HEVs), "full [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]]," and are sometimes called HEV-30 (for instance, to denote a [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] with a 30-mile (50 km) electric range, compared to a '''HEV-0''' (a non-plug-in [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]]). However, Ford, GM, and Toyota have all used the term "Full [[Hybrid Cars\|Hybrid]] Technology" to describe configurations that allow electric-only operation at low speeds (yet not PHEVs). Two other PHEV names used by a major U.S. automotive supplier and in a 1999 SAE paper are "energy [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]]" and "true [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]]." PHEVs can also operate in a mixed-mode where both gas and external electricity are used simultaneously to increase gas mileage for a particular range, usually double that of its electric-only range.		PHEVs are commonly called "grid-connected [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]]," "gas-optional [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]]" (GO-HEVs), "full [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]]," and are sometimes called HEV-30 (for instance, to denote a [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] with a 30-mile (50 km) electric range, compared to a '''HEV-0''' (a non-plug-in [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]]). However, Ford, GM, and Toyota have all used the term "Full [[Hybrid Cars\|Hybrid]] Technology" to describe configurations that allow electric-only operation at low speeds (yet not PHEVs). Two other PHEV names used by a major U.S. automotive supplier and in a 1999 SAE paper are "energy [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]]" and "true [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]]." PHEVs can also operate in a mixed-mode where both gas and external electricity are used simultaneously to increase gas mileage for a particular range, usually double that of its electric-only range.

	=~~=Types==~~		Very nice site! <a href="http://apxyieo.com/qyoxrt/1.html">cheap viagra</a>
	Some early non-production plug-in [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] electric vehicle [[Electric vehicle conversion\|conversions]] have been based on the version of [[Hybrid Synergy Drive]] (HSD) found in the 2004+ model year [[Toyota]] [[Toyota Prius\|Prius]]. Early [[Battery Technology\|Lead-acid battery]] (Pba) conversions by [http://www.calcars.org CalCars] have demonstrated 10 miles (15 km) of EV-only and 20 miles (30 km) of double mileage mixed-mode range. A company offering conversions to consumers is [http://~~www.hybrids-plus~~.com ~~Hybrids Plus]. It uses [http:~~//~~www~~.a123systems.com/ A123] [[Lithium ion polymer battery\|Li-ion]] batteries with two models: 15 or 30 miles of pure electric range. A company planning to offer conversions to consumers named [http://www.edrivesystems.com EDrive systems] will be using [http://www.valence.com Valence] [[Battery Technology\|Lithium ion polymer]] (Li-ion) batteries and have 35 miles (55 km) of electric range. Another company offering a plug-in module for the Toyota Prius is [http://www.hymotion.com Hymotion]. All of these systems leave the existing HSD system mostly unchanged and would be fairly simple to apply to other [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] configurations. A conversion to plug-in mode involves replacing the stock [[Battery Technology\|Nickel metal hydride]] (NiMH) battery with a higher capacity [[battery pack]] and an on-board AC powered charger to recharge the larger pack from mains power. Reprogramming of the system controller computer is required to encourage deep discharge of the batteries.

	~~The cost of electricity for~~ a ~~PHEV is about $0.03/mi ($0.019/km) <!-- based on EDrives 35 mile and <1$ full range --~~> from standard household outlets. Though the [[Honda]] [[Integrated Motor Assist]] (IMA) system does not have low-speed electric-only capability, mixed-mode mileage could be greatly enhanced while displacing some of their gasoline consumption with electricity from external sources.

	Current PHEV conversions install a higher capacity battery than common [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]] like the Toyota Prius in order to extend the range. This additional cost is offset by fuel operating cost savings because just $1.00 worth of electricity from the wall (at $0.09/kW·h) will drive you the same distance as a gallon of gasoline. During the year 2006, many government and industry researchers will focus on determining what level of all-electric range is economically optimum for the design.

	While PHEV concepts and research have been neglected for many years by industry and government, strong interest is budding in 2006 to such a level that the architecture has even been included as an area of research in President George W. Bush's Advanced Energy Initiative. The "addiction to oil" mentioned in his 2006 State of the Union Address could be largely eliminated by PHEVs and this fact is the most dramatic advantage of the architecture.

	==Advantages and Disadvantages==		==Advantages and Disadvantages==

209.169.25.29: /* Types */

2006-09-15T09:07:26Z

Types

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:07, 15 September 2006
Line 6:		Line 6:

	==Types==		==Types==
	Some early non-production plug-in [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] electric vehicle [[Electric vehicle conversion\|conversions]] have been based on the version of [[Hybrid Synergy Drive]] (HSD) found in the 2004+ model year [[Toyota]] [[Toyota Prius\|Prius]]. Early [[Battery Technology\|Lead-acid battery]] (Pba) conversions by [http://www.calcars.org CalCars] have demonstrated 10 miles (15 km) of EV-only and 20 miles (30 km) of double mileage mixed-mode range. A company planning to offer conversions to consumers named [http://www.edrivesystems.com EDrive systems] will be using [http://www.valence.com Valence] [[Battery Technology\|Lithium ion polymer]] (Li-ion) batteries and have 35 miles (55 km) of electric range. Another company offering a plug-in module for the Toyota Prius is [http://www.hymotion.com Hymotion]. All of these systems leave the existing HSD system mostly unchanged and would be fairly simple to apply to other [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] configurations. A conversion to plug-in mode involves replacing the stock [[Battery Technology\|Nickel metal hydride]] (NiMH) battery with a higher capacity [[battery pack]] and an on-board AC powered charger to recharge the larger pack from mains power. Reprogramming of the system controller computer is required to encourage deep discharge of the batteries.		Some early non-production plug-in [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] electric vehicle [[Electric vehicle conversion\|conversions]] have been based on the version of [[Hybrid Synergy Drive]] (HSD) found in the 2004+ model year [[Toyota]] [[Toyota Prius\|Prius]]. Early [[Battery Technology\|Lead-acid battery]] (Pba) conversions by [http://www.calcars.org CalCars] have demonstrated 10 miles (15 km) of EV-only and 20 miles (30 km) of double mileage mixed-mode range. A company offering conversions to consumers is [http://www.hybrids-plus.com Hybrids Plus]. It uses [http://www.a123systems.com/ A123] [[Lithium ion polymer battery\|Li-ion]] batteries with two models: 15 or 30 miles of pure electric range. A company planning to offer conversions to consumers named [http://www.edrivesystems.com EDrive systems] will be using [http://www.valence.com Valence] [[Battery Technology\|Lithium ion polymer]] (Li-ion) batteries and have 35 miles (55 km) of electric range. Another company offering a plug-in module for the Toyota Prius is [http://www.hymotion.com Hymotion]. All of these systems leave the existing HSD system mostly unchanged and would be fairly simple to apply to other [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] configurations. A conversion to plug-in mode involves replacing the stock [[Battery Technology\|Nickel metal hydride]] (NiMH) battery with a higher capacity [[battery pack]] and an on-board AC powered charger to recharge the larger pack from mains power. Reprogramming of the system controller computer is required to encourage deep discharge of the batteries.

	The cost of electricity for a PHEV is about $0.03/mi ($0.019/km) <!-- based on EDrives 35 mile and <1$ full range --> from standard household outlets. Though the [[Honda]] [[Integrated Motor Assist]] (IMA) system does not have low-speed electric-only capability, mixed-mode mileage could be greatly enhanced while displacing some of their gasoline consumption with electricity from external sources.		The cost of electricity for a PHEV is about $0.03/mi ($0.019/km) <!-- based on EDrives 35 mile and <1$ full range --> from standard household outlets. Though the [[Honda]] [[Integrated Motor Assist]] (IMA) system does not have low-speed electric-only capability, mixed-mode mileage could be greatly enhanced while displacing some of their gasoline consumption with electricity from external sources.

209.169.25.29: /* After Market Conversions */

2006-09-15T09:06:47Z

After Market Conversions

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:06, 15 September 2006
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	===After Market Conversions===		===After Market Conversions===
	* http://www.~~EDriveSystems~~.~~com — '04-06~~ Prius ~~and Ford Escape aftermarket conversions~~		* [http://www.eaa-phev.org/wiki/Template:Prius_PHEV_Options Table with all Prius options]
	* http://~~www~~.~~Hymotion~~.com ~~— Prius and Escape [[Hybrid Cars\|Hybrid~~]~~] aftermarket conversions~~		* [http://hybrids-plus.com/ hybrids-plus.com] Hybrids Plus - Boulder CO
	* [http://www.~~greencarcongress~~.com/~~2006~~/02/~~hymotion_unveil~~.~~html Comparison of EDrive and~~ Hymotion ~~systems~~]		* [http://www.EDriveSystems.com EDriveSystems.com] EDrive / EnergyCS - California
			* [http://www.Hymotion.com Hymotion.com] Hymotion - Canada

	===Related Groups===		===Related Groups===

67.168.23.217: Duplicate Article

2006-09-13T18:20:22Z

Duplicate Article

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:20, 13 September 2006
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{DupArticle\|Plug-in Hybrids}}

	A '''plug-in [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] electric vehicle''' (PHEV) is a [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] which has additional battery capacity and the ability to be recharged from an external electrical outlet. In addition, modifications are made to the vehicle's control software. The vehicle can be used for short trips of moderate speed without needing the [[internal combustion engine]] (ICE) component of the vehicle, thereby saving fuel costs. In this mode of operation the vehicle operates as a pure [[electric vehicle]] with a weight penalty (the ICE). The long range and additional power of the ICE power train is available when needed.		A '''plug-in [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] electric vehicle''' (PHEV) is a [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrid]] which has additional battery capacity and the ability to be recharged from an external electrical outlet. In addition, modifications are made to the vehicle's control software. The vehicle can be used for short trips of moderate speed without needing the [[internal combustion engine]] (ICE) component of the vehicle, thereby saving fuel costs. In this mode of operation the vehicle operates as a pure [[electric vehicle]] with a weight penalty (the ICE). The long range and additional power of the ICE power train is available when needed.

Carguy: /* Related Groups */

2006-07-13T17:14:54Z

Related Groups

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:14, 13 July 2006
Line 68:		Line 68:

	===Related Groups===		===Related Groups===
	* http://www.eaa-phev.org Electric and Plug-In [[Hybrid ~~Cars\|Hybrid]]~~ Electric Vehicles Wiki		* http://www.eaa-phev.org Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Wiki
	* http://www.hybridconsortium.org		* http://www.hybridconsortium.org
	* http://www.pluginpartners.org — A market for PHEVs exists today!		* http://www.pluginpartners.org — A market for PHEVs exists today!
	** http://www.SetAmericaFree.org — energy security via plug-in ~~[[Hybrid Cars\|~~hybrids]]		** http://www.SetAmericaFree.org — energy security via plug-in hybrids
	** http://www.SecureEnergy.org — Oil Crisis Simulations lead to PHEVs		** http://www.SecureEnergy.org — Oil Crisis Simulations lead to PHEVs
	* [http://www.evworld.com/electrichybrid.cfm Flexible Fuel Electric (Plug-In) Hybrid Cars		* [http://www.evworld.com/electrichybrid.cfm Flexible Fuel Electric (Plug-In) Hybrid Cars

Carguy: /* Related Groups */

2006-07-13T17:05:44Z

Related Groups

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:05, 13 July 2006
Line 73:		Line 73:
	** http://www.SetAmericaFree.org — energy security via plug-in [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]]		** http://www.SetAmericaFree.org — energy security via plug-in [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]]
	** http://www.SecureEnergy.org — Oil Crisis Simulations lead to PHEVs		** http://www.SecureEnergy.org — Oil Crisis Simulations lead to PHEVs
	* [http://www.evworld.com/electrichybrid.cfm Flexible Fuel Electric (Plug-In) [[Hybrid Cars~~\|Hybrids]]]~~		* [http://www.evworld.com/electrichybrid.cfm Flexible Fuel Electric (Plug-In) Hybrid Cars
	*Dr. Frank of UC Davis and his team of students have done numerous advanced vehicle projects. <!--( ''need more links )''-->		*Dr. Frank of UC Davis and his team of students have done numerous advanced vehicle projects. <!--( ''need more links )''-->
	** [http://www.rdrop.com/ev/hybrid.pdf Professor Andrew Frank of U.C. Davis and his students built a Prius with 25 miles (40 km) of EV Range and 110–220 volt grid charging]		** [http://www.rdrop.com/ev/hybrid.pdf Professor Andrew Frank of U.C. Davis and his students built a Prius with 25 miles (40 km) of EV Range and 110–220 volt grid charging]
	** http://www.evworld.com/archives/interviews/frank.html		** http://www.evworld.com/archives/interviews/frank.html

Carguy: /* Related Groups */

2006-07-13T17:05:22Z

Related Groups

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:05, 13 July 2006
Line 75:		Line 75:
	* [http://www.evworld.com/electrichybrid.cfm Flexible Fuel Electric (Plug-In) [[Hybrid Cars\|Hybrids]]]		* [http://www.evworld.com/electrichybrid.cfm Flexible Fuel Electric (Plug-In) [[Hybrid Cars\|Hybrids]]]
	*Dr. Frank of UC Davis and his team of students have done numerous advanced vehicle projects. <!--( ''need more links )''-->		*Dr. Frank of UC Davis and his team of students have done numerous advanced vehicle projects. <!--( ''need more links )''-->
	** [http://www.rdrop.com/ev/~~[[Hybrid Cars\|~~hybrid]].pdf Professor Andrew Frank of U.C. Davis and his students built a Prius with 25 miles (40 km) of EV Range and 110–220 volt grid charging]		** [http://www.rdrop.com/ev/hybrid.pdf Professor Andrew Frank of U.C. Davis and his students built a Prius with 25 miles (40 km) of EV Range and 110–220 volt grid charging]
	** http://www.evworld.com/archives/interviews/frank.html		** http://www.evworld.com/archives/interviews/frank.html

Carguy: /* News */

2006-07-13T17:04:55Z

News

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:04, 13 July 2006
Line 60:		Line 60:
	* [http://www.evworld.com/view.cfm?section=article&storyid=1042 Report from the Advanced Automotive Battery Conference] - 6/6/06		* [http://www.evworld.com/view.cfm?section=article&storyid=1042 Report from the Advanced Automotive Battery Conference] - 6/6/06
	* [http://www.daily-chronicle.com/articles/2006/05/31/news/news05.txt Beyond Oil: At national lab, vehicle research focuses on alternatives to oil.] ...With a concerted effort to solve the battery problems, Hillebrand says, plug-in [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]] could be feasible for mass production in 18 months...		* [http://www.daily-chronicle.com/articles/2006/05/31/news/news05.txt Beyond Oil: At national lab, vehicle research focuses on alternatives to oil.] ...With a concerted effort to solve the battery problems, Hillebrand says, plug-in [[Hybrid Cars\|hybrids]] could be feasible for mass production in 18 months...
	* [http://www.forbes.com/2006/05/26/toyota-prius-~~[[Hybrid Cars\|~~hybrid]]-cx_jf_0530flint.html Forbes: Plug-ins aren't practical yet]		* [http://www.forbes.com/2006/05/26/toyota-prius-hybrid-cx_jf_0530flint.html Forbes: Plug-ins aren't practical yet]

	===After Market Conversions===		===After Market Conversions===

Slalom at 17:07, 22 June 2006

2006-06-22T17:07:25Z

Show changes