Supertouring - Revision history

Red marquis: /* Regulations */

2010-05-18T12:32:44Z

Regulations

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:32, 18 May 2010
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	==Regulations==		==Regulations==

	The Super Touring cars were required to be a minimum of ~~{{convert\|~~4.20~~\|m}}~~ in length, with four doors, effectively requiring a small family [[sedan (automobile)\|saloon car]] as a minimum. No more than 2 litres engine capacity, or six [[cylinder (engine)\|cylinders]] were permitted, and the engine was required to be normally aspirated. Only two wheels could be driven and steered.<ref>{{citation\|year=2001\|title=Article 262 - Technical Regulations for Supertouring Cars (Group ST)\|series=Appendix J, FIA International Sporting Code\|publisher=Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile}}</ref> For [[homologation]], initially at least 2500 units of the model used must have been produced. In 1995, in a bid to counter the increasing numbers of homologation specials this was increased to at least 25,000 units.<ref>[http://www.supertouring.co.uk/techreg1.html BTCC Technical Regulations]</ref>		The Super Touring cars were required to be a minimum of 4.20 metres (13.8 ft) in length, with four doors, effectively requiring a small family [[sedan (automobile)\|saloon car]] as a minimum. No more than 2 litres engine capacity, or six [[cylinder (engine)\|cylinders]] were permitted, and the engine was required to be normally aspirated. Only two wheels could be driven and steered.<ref>{{citation\|year=2001\|title=Article 262 - Technical Regulations for Supertouring Cars (Group ST)\|series=Appendix J, FIA International Sporting Code\|publisher=Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile}}</ref> For [[homologation]], initially at least 2500 units of the model used must have been produced. In 1995, in a bid to counter the increasing numbers of homologation specials this was increased to at least 25,000 units.<ref>[http://www.supertouring.co.uk/techreg1.html BTCC Technical Regulations]</ref>

	There was no restriction on body size and doors until 1993, when it was changed to only allow cars with a minimum of four doors and no smaller than the [[EuroNCAP]] '[[small family car\|Small Family Car]]' class, although '[[large family car\|Large Family Car]]' tends to dominate the category. Until 1995, teams were only permitted to fit aerodynamic device that were available through dealers, but that changed when, in 1994 BTCC season, [[Alfa Romeo in motorsport\|Alfa Romeo]] entered a [[Alfa Romeo 155\|155]] with [[Gabriele Tarquini]] and [[Giampiero Simoni]] as drivers. The car had a front spoiler with a bottom piece that could be unscrewed and moved forward, acting as a splitter, and a rear spoiler with a pair of extensions, giving the car more downforce. When Alfa Romeo won the first five rounds, Ford, supported by Vauxhall, made a complaint to the race stewards. TOCA soon decided the aero devices were illegal and Alfa Romeo were stripped of the points they earned at Snetterton and Silverstone, though this decision was later reversed by appeal. After this point, Alfa were forced to run their spoilers in the retracted position (the position in which the spoilers were fitted on the road going version, the Alfa 155 Silverstone). In the mean time, Renault and BMW responded by introducing their own limited edition road cars - to enable them to run with oversized aerodynamic aids. Soon after that, the FIA changed the regulation in all series to allow cars to only use non-production aerodynamic devices with a restricted size. Restrictions varied depending on body type, with [[Volvo]] having to revert from the [[Volvo 850\|850 Estate]] to their four-door saloon model the following season when they found themselves to be disadvantaged by the new rules. In the Italian Supertourismo category, teams entered extended spoilers without complaints.		There was no restriction on body size and doors until 1993, when it was changed to only allow cars with a minimum of four doors and no smaller than the [[EuroNCAP]] '[[small family car\|Small Family Car]]' class, although '[[large family car\|Large Family Car]]' tends to dominate the category. Until 1995, teams were only permitted to fit aerodynamic device that were available through dealers, but that changed when, in 1994 BTCC season, [[Alfa Romeo in motorsport\|Alfa Romeo]] entered a [[Alfa Romeo 155\|155]] with [[Gabriele Tarquini]] and [[Giampiero Simoni]] as drivers. The car had a front spoiler with a bottom piece that could be unscrewed and moved forward, acting as a splitter, and a rear spoiler with a pair of extensions, giving the car more downforce. When Alfa Romeo won the first five rounds, Ford, supported by Vauxhall, made a complaint to the race stewards. TOCA soon decided the aero devices were illegal and Alfa Romeo were stripped of the points they earned at Snetterton and Silverstone, though this decision was later reversed by appeal. After this point, Alfa were forced to run their spoilers in the retracted position (the position in which the spoilers were fitted on the road going version, the Alfa 155 Silverstone). In the mean time, Renault and BMW responded by introducing their own limited edition road cars - to enable them to run with oversized aerodynamic aids. Soon after that, the FIA changed the regulation in all series to allow cars to only use non-production aerodynamic devices with a restricted size. Restrictions varied depending on body type, with [[Volvo]] having to revert from the [[Volvo 850\|850 Estate]] to their four-door saloon model the following season when they found themselves to be disadvantaged by the new rules. In the Italian Supertourismo category, teams entered extended spoilers without complaints.
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	Some series however, would change the rules to suit crowd demands, and competition from rival series, one example, was the [[Japanese Touring Car Championship]] (JTCC), which made increases to body width and exhaust noise, also keeping the front aerodynamic devices basic in 1997 and in 1998 with the withdrawal of [[Nissan]] due to financial problems and [[Honda]], to commit to its [[Formula One]] (F1) programme, and realising it would be less expensive for them to race their [[Honda NSX\|NSX]] in the [[Super GT\|All-Japan Grand Touring Car Championship]] (JGTC), leaving [[Toyota]] as the sole factory manufacturer to compete using their [[Toyota Corona EXIV\|Corona EXIVs]] and [[Toyota Chaser\|Chasers]]. In 1999, a new formula using spaceframe cars came to nothing, and the series was abandoned altogether, as by then Japan's big three all had works entries in the JGTC.		Some series however, would change the rules to suit crowd demands, and competition from rival series, one example, was the [[Japanese Touring Car Championship]] (JTCC), which made increases to body width and exhaust noise, also keeping the front aerodynamic devices basic in 1997 and in 1998 with the withdrawal of [[Nissan]] due to financial problems and [[Honda]], to commit to its [[Formula One]] (F1) programme, and realising it would be less expensive for them to race their [[Honda NSX\|NSX]] in the [[Super GT\|All-Japan Grand Touring Car Championship]] (JGTC), leaving [[Toyota]] as the sole factory manufacturer to compete using their [[Toyota Corona EXIV\|Corona EXIVs]] and [[Toyota Chaser\|Chasers]]. In 1999, a new formula using spaceframe cars came to nothing, and the series was abandoned altogether, as by then Japan's big three all had works entries in the JGTC.

	In Australia, the series began in 1993 when the Group A regulations for the [[Australian Touring Car Championship]] series was replaced by [[V8 Supercar]] and Super Touring. The advent of a new management structure and telelcast arrangement for V8Supercar put them in conflict with [[Bathurst 1000]] organisers. Super Touring were offered the chance to compete at Bathurst after race organisers could not come to terms with V8 Supercar. Bathurst City Council and V8 Supercar came to a separate arrangement to host their own breakaway "Australian 1000 Classic" race. Super Touring did not become a viable option, and the third and final race was transformed into a motorsport carnival, with several categories attending and the Super Touring event halved to ~~{{convert\|~~500~~\|km}}~~, before collapsing in the aftermath of the 1999 race. In 2000, in the absence of a rival, the V8 Supercar event took up the Bathurst 1000 name.		In Australia, the series began in 1993 when the Group A regulations for the [[Australian Touring Car Championship]] series was replaced by [[V8 Supercar]] and Super Touring. The advent of a new management structure and telelcast arrangement for V8Supercar put them in conflict with [[Bathurst 1000]] organisers. Super Touring were offered the chance to compete at Bathurst after race organisers could not come to terms with V8 Supercar. Bathurst City Council and V8 Supercar came to a separate arrangement to host their own breakaway "Australian 1000 Classic" race. Super Touring did not become a viable option, and the third and final race was transformed into a motorsport carnival, with several categories attending and the Super Touring event halved to 500 kilometres (310 mi), before collapsing in the aftermath of the 1999 race. In 2000, in the absence of a rival, the V8 Supercar event took up the Bathurst 1000 name.

	Unfortunately, during the Super Touring's long run, the category suffered two fatal accidents. In 1995, [[Gregg Hansford]] at [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit\|Phillip Island]], and [[Kieth O'dor]] at [[Avus]], were involved in fatal accidents as a result of a broken neck caused by their cars' being [[side collision\|hit side-on]]. Soon after, rollcages in competition cars with built in side impact bars, and seats with head restraints on the side would become mandatory.		Unfortunately, during the Super Touring's long run, the category suffered two fatal accidents. In 1995, [[Gregg Hansford]] at [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit\|Phillip Island]], and [[Kieth O'dor]] at [[Avus]], were involved in fatal accidents as a result of a broken neck caused by their cars' being [[side collision\|hit side-on]]. Soon after, rollcages in competition cars with built in side impact bars, and seats with head restraints on the side would become mandatory.

Red marquis at 12:31, 18 May 2010

2010-05-18T12:31:09Z

New page

'''Super Touring''', '''Class 2''' or '''Class II''' was a [[auto racing|motor racing]] Touring Cars category defined by the [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] (FIA) for national [[touring car racing]] in 1993.<ref>FIA Yearbook, 1993, Green section, page 277, Touring car technical regulations (Class II)</ref> It was based on the "2 litre Touring Car Formula" created for the [[British Touring Car Championship]] (BTCC) in 1990.<ref>[http://www.supertouring.co.uk/st_history1.html SuperTouring History : 1990 - Small Beginnings] Retrieved from www.SuperTouring.co.uk on 9 December 2008</ref> The FIA organised a [[World Touring Car Championship|World Cup]] for the category each year from 1993 to 1995, and adopted the term "Super Tourer" from 1995.<ref>Automobile Year, 1994/95, page 175</ref>

Super Touring replaced [[Group A]] as the norm in nearly every touring car championship across the world, but escalating costs, and the withdrawal of [[works team]]s caused the category to collapse in the late 1990s. The cars looked like regular production road cars, while expensive changes had to be made to provide space for racing tyres inside the standard wheel arches.

An example for this was the [[Germany|German]] [[Super Tourenwagen Cup]] (STW) series, which ran from 1994 to 1999, filling a void left after the end the 2.5 litre [[V6 engine|V6]]-powered [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft]] (DTM) in 1996. In 2000, the [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters]] (keeping the 'DTM' acronym) resumed with 4.0 litre [[V8 engine|V8]]-powered cars.

==Regulations==

The Super Touring cars were required to be a minimum of {{convert|4.20|m}} in length, with four doors, effectively requiring a small family [[sedan (automobile)|saloon car]] as a minimum. No more than 2 litres engine capacity, or six [[cylinder (engine)|cylinders]] were permitted, and the engine was required to be normally aspirated. Only two wheels could be driven and steered.<ref>{{citation|year=2001|title=Article 262 - Technical Regulations for Supertouring Cars (Group ST)|series=Appendix J, FIA International Sporting Code|publisher=Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile}}</ref> For [[homologation]], initially at least 2500 units of the model used must have been produced. In 1995, in a bid to counter the increasing numbers of homologation specials this was increased to at least 25,000 units.<ref>[http://www.supertouring.co.uk/techreg1.html BTCC Technical Regulations]</ref>

There was no restriction on body size and doors until 1993, when it was changed to only allow cars with a minimum of four doors and no smaller than the [[EuroNCAP]] '[[small family car|Small Family Car]]' class, although '[[large family car|Large Family Car]]' tends to dominate the category. Until 1995, teams were only permitted to fit aerodynamic device that were available through dealers, but that changed when, in 1994 BTCC season, [[Alfa Romeo in motorsport|Alfa Romeo]] entered a [[Alfa Romeo 155|155]] with [[Gabriele Tarquini]] and [[Giampiero Simoni]] as drivers. The car had a front spoiler with a bottom piece that could be unscrewed and moved forward, acting as a splitter, and a rear spoiler with a pair of extensions, giving the car more downforce. When Alfa Romeo won the first five rounds, Ford, supported by Vauxhall, made a complaint to the race stewards. TOCA soon decided the aero devices were illegal and Alfa Romeo were stripped of the points they earned at Snetterton and Silverstone, though this decision was later reversed by appeal. After this point, Alfa were forced to run their spoilers in the retracted position (the position in which the spoilers were fitted on the road going version, the Alfa 155 Silverstone). In the mean time, Renault and BMW responded by introducing their own limited edition road cars - to enable them to run with oversized aerodynamic aids. Soon after that, the FIA changed the regulation in all series to allow cars to only use non-production aerodynamic devices with a restricted size. Restrictions varied depending on body type, with [[Volvo]] having to revert from the [[Volvo 850|850 Estate]] to their four-door saloon model the following season when they found themselves to be disadvantaged by the new rules. In the Italian Supertourismo category, teams entered extended spoilers without complaints.

Alfa Romeo also homologated 2500 road cars, which was the minimum, for that season to allow their 1.8 litre car with an advantage of a higher rev limit to enter, that was also changed to only non-homlogated consumer models to enter.

Some series however, would change the rules to suit crowd demands, and competition from rival series, one example, was the [[Japanese Touring Car Championship]] (JTCC), which made increases to body width and exhaust noise, also keeping the front aerodynamic devices basic in 1997 and in 1998 with the withdrawal of [[Nissan]] due to financial problems and [[Honda]], to commit to its [[Formula One]] (F1) programme, and realising it would be less expensive for them to race their [[Honda NSX|NSX]] in the [[Super GT|All-Japan Grand Touring Car Championship]] (JGTC), leaving [[Toyota]] as the sole factory manufacturer to compete using their [[Toyota Corona EXIV|Corona EXIVs]] and [[Toyota Chaser|Chasers]]. In 1999, a new formula using spaceframe cars came to nothing, and the series was abandoned altogether, as by then Japan's big three all had works entries in the JGTC.

In Australia, the series began in 1993 when the Group A regulations for the [[Australian Touring Car Championship]] series was replaced by [[V8 Supercar]] and Super Touring. The advent of a new management structure and telelcast arrangement for V8Supercar put them in conflict with [[Bathurst 1000]] organisers. Super Touring were offered the chance to compete at Bathurst after race organisers could not come to terms with V8 Supercar. Bathurst City Council and V8 Supercar came to a separate arrangement to host their own breakaway "Australian 1000 Classic" race. Super Touring did not become a viable option, and the third and final race was transformed into a motorsport carnival, with several categories attending and the Super Touring event halved to {{convert|500|km}}, before collapsing in the aftermath of the 1999 race. In 2000, in the absence of a rival, the V8 Supercar event took up the Bathurst 1000 name.

Unfortunately, during the Super Touring's long run, the category suffered two fatal accidents. In 1995, [[Gregg Hansford]] at [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|Phillip Island]], and [[Kieth O'dor]] at [[Avus]], were involved in fatal accidents as a result of a broken neck caused by their cars' being [[side collision|hit side-on]]. Soon after, rollcages in competition cars with built in side impact bars, and seats with head restraints on the side would become mandatory.

One reason for Super Touring's demise was the cost of preparing a car for competition. In 1990, a [[Vauxhall Cavalier]] cost £60,000. By the later part of the 90's, a similar car with more sophisticated aerodynamics device and telemetry cost £250,000.

The current [[World Touring Car Championship]] regulations are very inspired by the old series, with production-based four door [[sedan (automobile)|saloons]] powered by 2.0 litre engines. Wider wheel arches are allowed, which makes the cars look more spectacular. Cars under S2000 regulations are cheaper than their predecessors. Various national championships use similar rules.

Although it bears no resemblance to its predecessor, the "Super Touring" name was retained by the [[Championnat de France de Supertourisme]] for the current 3.0 litre [[tube frame]] cars.

==List of championships that used the Super Touring formula==
{|class="navbox"
|-
!colspan=31| Major championships that used the Super Touring formula
|-
|-bgcolor=#EFEFEF
|width=3%|1990||width=3%|1991||width=3%|1992||width=3%|1993||width=3%|1994||width=3%|1995||width=3%|1996||width=3%|1997||width=3%|1998||width=3%|1999
|width=3%|2000||width=3%|2001||width=3%|2002
|-
|colspan=11 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[British Touring Car Championship]]
|colspan= 2 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|-
|colspan= 3 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|colspan= 7 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[Championnat de France de Supertourisme]]
|colspan= 3 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|-
|colspan= 3 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|colspan= 7 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[Italian Superturismo Championship]]
|colspan= 3 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|-
|colspan= 3 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|colspan= 3 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[Touring Car World Cup]]
|colspan= 7 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|-
|colspan= 7 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|colspan= 4 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[South American Super Touring Car Championship|Copa de las Naciones]]
|colspan= 6 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|-
|colspan= 4 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|colspan= 5 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[Japanese Touring Car Championship]]
|colspan= 6 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|-
|colspan= 4 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|colspan= 6 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[Super Tourenwagen Cup]]
|colspan= 5 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|-
|colspan= 4 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|colspan= 4 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[Belgian Procar Championship]]
|colspan= 7 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|-
|colspan= 6 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|colspan= 7 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[Swedish Touring Car Championship]]
|-
|colspan= 4 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|colspan= 4 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[Campeonato de España de Turismo]]
|colspan= 5 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|-
|colspan= 3 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|colspan= 2 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[Portuguese Touring Car Championship]]
|colspan=10 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|-
|colspan= 6 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|colspan= 3 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[Central European Supertouring Car Championship]]
|colspan= 4 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|-
|colspan= 4 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|colspan= 3 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[South African Touring Car Championship]]
|colspan= 6 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|-
|colspan= 4 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|colspan= 1 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[Asia-Pacific Touring Car Championship]]
|colspan= 1 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|colspan= 4 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[South East Asian Touring Car Challenge]]
|colspan= 3 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|-
|colspan= 3 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|colspan= 9 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[Australian Super Touring Championship]]
|colspan= 1 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|-
|colspan= 4 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|colspan= 7 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[New Zealand Touring Car Championship]]
|colspan= 2 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|-
|colspan= 6 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|colspan= 2 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[North American Touring Car Championship]]
|colspan= 5 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|-
|colspan=10 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|colspan= 2 bgcolor=#C0C0C0|[[European Touring Car Championship]]
|colspan= 1 bgcolor=#E0E0E0|
|-bgcolor=#EFEFEF
|width=3%|1990||width=3%|1991||width=3%|1992||width=3%|1993||width=3%|1994||width=3%|1995||width=3%|1996||width=3%|1997||width=3%|1998||width=3%|1999
|width=3%|2000||width=3%|2001||width=3%|2002
|}
*[[Serbian Super Touring Championship]], Serbia

==External links==
*[http://www.SuperTouring.co.uk SuperTouring.co.uk] - history of Super Touring
*[http://www.SuperTouringRegister.com SuperTouringRegister.com] - archive of cars built to Super Touring regulations
*[http://www.SuperTouringCars.net SuperTouringCars.net] - Super Touring homepage with cars, facts, links, news, parts, photos
*[http://www.fia.com/sport/regulations/common/appendix_j/article262.html Article 262 - Technical Regulations Super Touring Cars (Group ST)]

{{Class of Auto racing}}

[[Category:Motorsport terminology]]
[[Category:Touring car racing]]
[[Category:FIA]]