Turbo Engine - Revision history

Z33me: /* External links */

2010-03-15T15:49:25Z

External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:49, 15 March 2010
Line 128:		Line 128:
	*[http://auto.howstuffworks.com/[[Turbo Engine\|turbo]].htm How turbochargers work at HowStuffWorks.com]		*[http://auto.howstuffworks.com/[[Turbo Engine\|turbo]].htm How turbochargers work at HowStuffWorks.com]
	*[http://www.autozine.org/technical_school/engine/tech_engine_3.htm Autozine Technical School: Forced Induction]		*[http://www.autozine.org/technical_school/engine/tech_engine_3.htm Autozine Technical School: Forced Induction]
	*[http://t25turbo.com/ T25 Turbo] Information about the T25 turbo series]		*[http://t25turbo.com/ T25 Turbo] Information about the T25 turbo series
	*[http://t3t4turbo.com/ T3/T4 Turbo] Information about the T3/T4 turbo series]		*[http://t3t4turbo.com/ T3/T4 Turbo] Information about the T3/T4 turbo series

	[[Category:Engine technology]]		[[Category:Engine technology]]

Z33me: /* External links */

2010-03-03T19:00:01Z

External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:00, 3 March 2010
Line 128:		Line 128:
	*[http://auto.howstuffworks.com/[[Turbo Engine\|turbo]].htm How turbochargers work at HowStuffWorks.com]		*[http://auto.howstuffworks.com/[[Turbo Engine\|turbo]].htm How turbochargers work at HowStuffWorks.com]
	*[http://www.autozine.org/technical_school/engine/tech_engine_3.htm Autozine Technical School: Forced Induction]		*[http://www.autozine.org/technical_school/engine/tech_engine_3.htm Autozine Technical School: Forced Induction]
			*[http://t25turbo.com/ T25 Turbo] Information about the T25 turbo series]
			*[http://t3t4turbo.com/ T3/T4 Turbo] Information about the T3/T4 turbo series]

	[[Category:Engine technology]]		[[Category:Engine technology]]

Red marquis at 14:29, 3 August 2009

2009-08-03T14:29:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:29, 3 August 2009
Line 4:		Line 4:

	A '''[[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]]''' is an exhaust gas-driven compressor used to increase the power output of an [[internal-combustion engine]] by increasing the mass of oxygen entering the engine. A key advantage of turbochargers is that they offer a considerable increase in engine power with only a slight increase in weight.		A '''[[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]]''' is an exhaust gas-driven compressor used to increase the power output of an [[internal-combustion engine]] by increasing the mass of oxygen entering the engine. A key advantage of turbochargers is that they offer a considerable increase in engine power with only a slight increase in weight.

	~~TyAes0 <a href="http://jpgxirghldmf.com/">jpgxirghldmf</a>, [url=http://cjyltootsrei.com/]cjyltootsrei[/url], [link=http://eeklyxgowlqt.com/]eeklyxgowlqt[/link], http://tlaqtfbwrqkf.com/~~

	==Principle of operation==		==Principle of operation==

Red marquis: /* Fuel efficiency */

2009-08-03T14:13:54Z

Fuel efficiency

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:13, 3 August 2009
Line 6:		Line 6:

	TyAes0 <a href="http://jpgxirghldmf.com/">jpgxirghldmf</a>, [url=http://cjyltootsrei.com/]cjyltootsrei[/url], [link=http://eeklyxgowlqt.com/]eeklyxgowlqt[/link], http://tlaqtfbwrqkf.com/		TyAes0 <a href="http://jpgxirghldmf.com/">jpgxirghldmf</a>, [url=http://cjyltootsrei.com/]cjyltootsrei[/url], [link=http://eeklyxgowlqt.com/]eeklyxgowlqt[/link], http://tlaqtfbwrqkf.com/

			==Principle of operation==
			A [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]] is an exhaust gas driven [[Supercharger]]. Turbochargers are a true gas compressor, as the gas (air) is compressed inside of the [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]]. Unlike a Roots Blower, which is an air mover and does not actually compress air. Engines with a Roots Blower have a higher boost level as a result of the blower moving more air than a naturally aspirated engine normally uses, thus more air is packed into the engine and boost is created.

			A [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]] has two main parts. The compressor and the turbine. The exhaust gasses from the engine are directed to the turbine wheel, which takes the enthalpy (energy) of the exhaust and converts that energy into rotating energy. This motion rotates a shaft that both the compressor wheel and the turbine wheel are attached to. This spinning motion spins the compressor wheel, which then compresses the air from the intake air above atmospheric pressure, greatly increasing the volumetric efficiency beyond that of [[naturally-aspirated engine]]s. The exhaust gasses either hit the turbine wheel, or are directed around the turbine wheel by wastegate. Exhaust gas directed through the wastegate is not used to spin the shaft assembly. This is done to limit the amount of power available to drive the compressor wheel, which is used to limit the boost level of the [[Turbo Engine\|turbo]].

			The term ''[[Supercharged Engine\|supercharger]]'' is very often used when referring to a mechanically driven [[Supercharged Engine\|supercharger]], which is most often driven from the engine's crankshaft by means of a belt (otherwise, and in many aircraft engines, by a geartrain), whereas a ''[[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]]'' is exhaust-driven, the name ''[[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]]'' being a contraction of the earlier "''turbosupercharger''". Because the turbine of a [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]] is in-itself a heat engine, a [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]] equipped engine will normally compress the intake air more efficiently than a mechanical [[Supercharged Engine\|supercharger]]. [[Turbo Engine\|Turbo]] Lag is the delayed response of the engine that is due to the compressor coming up to a speed where boost levels are attained. Engines with mechanical [[Supercharged Engine\|superchargers]] are typically more responsive initially. Because turbochargers are nearly twice as efficient at other methods of supercharging, the "[[Turbo Engine\|turbo]] lag" is negligible. Technology in turbocharging has come to the point where [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharged]] engines make boost nearly as quickly as mechanically driven [[Supercharged Engine\|superchargers]].

			The compressor increases the pressure of the air entering the engine, so a greater mass of oxygen enters the combustion chamber in the same time interval (an increase in fuel is required to keep the mixture the same air to fuel ratio). This greatly improves the volumetric efficiency of the engine, and thereby creates more power. The additional fuel is provided by the proper tuning of the [[fuel injector]]s or [[carburetor]].

			The increase in pressure is called "boost" and is measured in pascals, bars or lbf/in². The energy from the extra fuel leads to more overall engine power. For example, at 100% efficiency a [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]] providing 101 kPa (14.7 lbf/in²) of boost would effectively double the amount of air entering the engine because the total pressure is twice atmospheric pressure. However, there are some ''parasitic losses'' due to heat, friction from bearings, aerodynamic drag from the compressor wheel, and exhaust backpressure from the turbine. Turbochargers are typically 70-85% efficient, at peak efficiency, due to having to heat the air during the compression. Turbochargers (centrifugal [[Supercharged Engine\|superchargers]]) are the most efficient [[Supercharged Engine\|superchargers]] because they take the least amount of energy to spin the wheels, and they heat the incoming air less than other styles of [[Supercharged Engine\|superchargers]] like the Roots and the Lysholm blower.

			For most street driven engines that are limited to using gasoline that is publically available, boost levels typically range from 10psig to 18 psig, but the levels can be more depending upon particular setups. Because it is a centrifugal pump, a typical [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]], depending on design, will only start to deliver boost from a certain RPM where the engine starts producing enough exhaust gas to spin the [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]] fast enough to make boost. This engine RPM is referred to as the boost threshold. Another fact to observe is that the relation between boost pressure and compressor RPM is somewhat exponential, and the relation between compressor rpm and airflow is very small. A [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]] that is pushing 15 psi when the engine is at 3000 rpm will only have increased a little bit in speed when maintaining the same pressure at 6000 engine RPM; given that it is still within the design limits of the compressor. For this very same reason, belt-driven centrifugal [[Supercharged Engine\|superchargers]] have a very narrow power band and deliver max boost only when the engine is at max RPM.

			In the past, engines had to have lower compression to be able to effectively use the boost pressure from the [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]]. This was done to limit detonation. With the technology available now, practically any naturally aspirated engine can benefit from turbocharging. The levels of power that can be attained are limited by the gasoline octane available. One way to get more power out of [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharged]] engines that are limited to using low (<93 octane) fuels, is to lower the compression ratio. This allows you to run more boost, with increased the power levels. Engines can be specifically designed to operate with a [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]], but nearly any engine can benefit with the use of a [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]]. During operation at high altitudes, such as with airplanes, the power recovery of a [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]] makes a big difference to total power output of both engine types. This factor makes turbocharging aircraft engines considerably advantageous. The first applications for turbocharging were used on Diesel Powered ships and Locomotives, long before they were used in Aircraft.

			A main disadvantage of high boost pressures for [[internal combustion engine]]s is that compressing the inlet air increases its temperature. This increase in ''charge temperature'' is a limiting factor for petrol engines that can only tolerate a limited increase in charge temperature before detonation occurs. The higher temperature is a volumetric efficiency downgrade for both types of engine. The pumping-effect heating can be alleviated by aftercooling (sometimes called [[intercooler\|intercooling]]).

			[[Image:250px-Twinturbo.JPG\|thumb\|250px\|right\|A Pair of turbochargers mounted to an [[Inline 6]] engine in a dragster.]]

	==Fuel efficiency==		==Fuel efficiency==

189.20.33.110: -15

2009-08-03T13:48:10Z

-15

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 A '''[[Turbo Engine|turbocharger]]''' is an exhaust gas-driven compressor used to increase the power output of an [[internal-combustion engine]] by increasing the mass of oxygen entering the engine. A key advantage of turbochargers is that they offer a considerable increase in engine power with only a slight increase in weight.
-==Principle of operation==
+TyAes0  <a href="http://jpgxirghldmf.com/">jpgxirghldmf</a>, [url=http://cjyltootsrei.com/]cjyltootsrei[/url], [link=http://eeklyxgowlqt.com/]eeklyxgowlqt[/link], http://tlaqtfbwrqkf.com/
 ==Fuel efficiency==

Red marquis: /* External links */

2008-10-29T11:05:35Z

External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 29 October 2008
Line 129:		Line 129:
	*[http://www.autozine.org/technical_school/engine/tech_engine_3.htm Autozine Technical School: Forced Induction]		*[http://www.autozine.org/technical_school/engine/tech_engine_3.htm Autozine Technical School: Forced Induction]

	[[Category:~~Technology~~]]		[[Category:Engine technology]]

Red marquis at 16:11, 23 October 2008

2008-10-23T16:11:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:11, 23 October 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~I SMOKE ROCK!!!~~

	:''This article describes the internal combustion engine component often known as a'' '''[[Turbo Engine\|turbo]]'''''. For other meanings of [[Turbo Engine\|turbo]], see turbo (disambiguation)''.		:''This article describes the internal combustion engine component often known as a'' '''[[Turbo Engine\|turbo]]'''''. For other meanings of [[Turbo Engine\|turbo]], see turbo (disambiguation)''.

68.249.64.114 at 15:57, 23 October 2008

2008-10-23T15:57:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:57, 23 October 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
			I SMOKE ROCK!!!

	:''This article describes the internal combustion engine component often known as a'' '''[[Turbo Engine\|turbo]]'''''. For other meanings of [[Turbo Engine\|turbo]], see turbo (disambiguation)''.		:''This article describes the internal combustion engine component often known as a'' '''[[Turbo Engine\|turbo]]'''''. For other meanings of [[Turbo Engine\|turbo]], see turbo (disambiguation)''.

84.77.24.50: /* History */

2008-08-12T07:12:49Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:12, 12 August 2008
Line 103:		Line 103:
	Turbochargers were first used in production aircraft engines in the 1930s prior to World War II. The primary purpose behind most aircraft-based applications was to increase the altitude at which the airplane can fly, by compensating for the lower atmospheric pressure present at high altitude. Aircraft such as the Lockheed P-38 Lightning, Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and B-29 Superfortress all used exhaust driven "[[Turbo Engine\|turbo]]-[[Supercharged Engine\|superchargers]]" to increase high altitude engine power. It is important to note that turbosupercharged aircraft engines actually utilized a gear-driven centrifugal type supercharger in series with a [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]].		Turbochargers were first used in production aircraft engines in the 1930s prior to World War II. The primary purpose behind most aircraft-based applications was to increase the altitude at which the airplane can fly, by compensating for the lower atmospheric pressure present at high altitude. Aircraft such as the Lockheed P-38 Lightning, Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and B-29 Superfortress all used exhaust driven "[[Turbo Engine\|turbo]]-[[Supercharged Engine\|superchargers]]" to increase high altitude engine power. It is important to note that turbosupercharged aircraft engines actually utilized a gear-driven centrifugal type supercharger in series with a [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]].

	[[Turbo Engine\|Turbo]]-Diesel trucks were produced in Europe and ~~America~~ (notably by Cummins) after 1949. The [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]] hit the automobile world in 1952 when Fred Agabashian qualified for pole position at the [[Indianapolis 500]] and led for 100 miles before tire shards disabled the blower.[[Image:Corvair turbo engine.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|The [[Chevrolet Corvair\|Corvair]]'s innovative turbocharged [[flat-6]] engine; The turbo, located at top right, feeds pressurized air into the engine through the chrome T-tube visible spanning the engine from left to right.]]		[[Turbo Engine\|Turbo]]-Diesel trucks were produced in Europe and the United States (notably by Cummins) after 1949. The [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]] hit the automobile world in 1952 when Fred Agabashian qualified for pole position at the [[Indianapolis 500]] and led for 100 miles before tire shards disabled the blower.[[Image:Corvair turbo engine.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|The [[Chevrolet Corvair\|Corvair]]'s innovative turbocharged [[flat-6]] engine; The turbo, located at top right, feeds pressurized air into the engine through the chrome T-tube visible spanning the engine from left to right.]]

	The first production [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharged]] automobile engines came from [[General Motors Corporation\|General Motors]]. The A-body [[Oldsmobile Cutlass]] Jetfire and [[Chevrolet Corvair]] Monza Spyder were both fitted with turbochargers in 1962. The Oldsmobile is often recognized as the first, since it came out a few months earlier than the Corvair. Its ''[[Oldsmobile V8 engine#Turbo Jetfire\|Turbo Jetfire]]'' was a 215 in³ (3.5 L) [[V8]], while the [[Chevrolet Corvair engine\|Corvair engine]] was either a 145 in³ (2.3 L)(1962-63) or a 164 in³ (2.7 L) (1964-66) flat-6. Both of these engines were abandoned within a few years, and GM's next [[Turbo Engine\|turbo]] engine came more than ten years later.		The first production [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharged]] automobile engines came from [[General Motors Corporation\|General Motors]]. The A-body [[Oldsmobile Cutlass]] Jetfire and [[Chevrolet Corvair]] Monza Spyder were both fitted with turbochargers in 1962. The Oldsmobile is often recognized as the first, since it came out a few months earlier than the Corvair. Its ''[[Oldsmobile V8 engine#Turbo Jetfire\|Turbo Jetfire]]'' was a 215 in³ (3.5 L) [[V8]], while the [[Chevrolet Corvair engine\|Corvair engine]] was either a 145 in³ (2.3 L)(1962-63) or a 164 in³ (2.7 L) (1964-66) flat-6. Both of these engines were abandoned within a few years, and GM's next [[Turbo Engine\|turbo]] engine came more than ten years later.

Red marquis at 03:31, 22 January 2008

2008-01-22T03:31:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:31, 22 January 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~''Italic text''~~:''This article describes the internal combustion engine component often known as a'' '''[[Turbo Engine\|turbo]]'''''. For other meanings of [[Turbo Engine\|turbo]], see turbo (disambiguation)''.		:''This article describes the internal combustion engine component often known as a'' '''[[Turbo Engine\|turbo]]'''''. For other meanings of [[Turbo Engine\|turbo]], see turbo (disambiguation)''.

	[[Image:350px-Turbocharger.jpg\|right\|thumb\|350px\|Air foil bearing-supported turbocharger cutaway made by [http://mohawkinnovative.com/newsletters/06_oilfree_turbocharger_gas_engine_applications.pdf Mohawk Innovative Technology Inc.] ]]		[[Image:350px-Turbocharger.jpg\|right\|thumb\|350px\|Air foil bearing-supported turbocharger cutaway made by [http://mohawkinnovative.com/newsletters/06_oilfree_turbocharger_gas_engine_applications.pdf Mohawk Innovative Technology Inc.] ]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:12, 12 August 2008
Line 103:		Line 103:
	Turbochargers were first used in production aircraft engines in the 1930s prior to World War II. The primary purpose behind most aircraft-based applications was to increase the altitude at which the airplane can fly, by compensating for the lower atmospheric pressure present at high altitude. Aircraft such as the Lockheed P-38 Lightning, Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and B-29 Superfortress all used exhaust driven "[[Turbo Engine\|turbo]]-[[Supercharged Engine\|superchargers]]" to increase high altitude engine power. It is important to note that turbosupercharged aircraft engines actually utilized a gear-driven centrifugal type supercharger in series with a [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]].		Turbochargers were first used in production aircraft engines in the 1930s prior to World War II. The primary purpose behind most aircraft-based applications was to increase the altitude at which the airplane can fly, by compensating for the lower atmospheric pressure present at high altitude. Aircraft such as the Lockheed P-38 Lightning, Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and B-29 Superfortress all used exhaust driven "[[Turbo Engine\|turbo]]-[[Supercharged Engine\|superchargers]]" to increase high altitude engine power. It is important to note that turbosupercharged aircraft engines actually utilized a gear-driven centrifugal type supercharger in series with a [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]].

	[[Turbo Engine\|Turbo]]-Diesel trucks were produced in Europe and ~~America~~ (notably by Cummins) after 1949. The [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]] hit the automobile world in 1952 when Fred Agabashian qualified for pole position at the [[Indianapolis 500]] and led for 100 miles before tire shards disabled the blower.[[Image:Corvair turbo engine.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|The [[Chevrolet Corvair\|Corvair]]'s innovative turbocharged [[flat-6]] engine; The turbo, located at top right, feeds pressurized air into the engine through the chrome T-tube visible spanning the engine from left to right.]]		[[Turbo Engine\|Turbo]]-Diesel trucks were produced in Europe and the United States (notably by Cummins) after 1949. The [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharger]] hit the automobile world in 1952 when Fred Agabashian qualified for pole position at the [[Indianapolis 500]] and led for 100 miles before tire shards disabled the blower.[[Image:Corvair turbo engine.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|The [[Chevrolet Corvair\|Corvair]]'s innovative turbocharged [[flat-6]] engine; The turbo, located at top right, feeds pressurized air into the engine through the chrome T-tube visible spanning the engine from left to right.]]

	The first production [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharged]] automobile engines came from [[General Motors Corporation\|General Motors]]. The A-body [[Oldsmobile Cutlass]] Jetfire and [[Chevrolet Corvair]] Monza Spyder were both fitted with turbochargers in 1962. The Oldsmobile is often recognized as the first, since it came out a few months earlier than the Corvair. Its ''[[Oldsmobile V8 engine#Turbo Jetfire\|Turbo Jetfire]]'' was a 215 in³ (3.5 L) [[V8]], while the [[Chevrolet Corvair engine\|Corvair engine]] was either a 145 in³ (2.3 L)(1962-63) or a 164 in³ (2.7 L) (1964-66) flat-6. Both of these engines were abandoned within a few years, and GM's next [[Turbo Engine\|turbo]] engine came more than ten years later.		The first production [[Turbo Engine\|turbocharged]] automobile engines came from [[General Motors Corporation\|General Motors]]. The A-body [[Oldsmobile Cutlass]] Jetfire and [[Chevrolet Corvair]] Monza Spyder were both fitted with turbochargers in 1962. The Oldsmobile is often recognized as the first, since it came out a few months earlier than the Corvair. Its ''[[Oldsmobile V8 engine#Turbo Jetfire\|Turbo Jetfire]]'' was a 215 in³ (3.5 L) [[V8]], while the [[Chevrolet Corvair engine\|Corvair engine]] was either a 145 in³ (2.3 L)(1962-63) or a 164 in³ (2.7 L) (1964-66) flat-6. Both of these engines were abandoned within a few years, and GM's next [[Turbo Engine\|turbo]] engine came more than ten years later.